ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
Balancing the influenza neuraminidase and hemagglutinin responses by exchanging the vaccine virus backbone.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Immunogenicity of Inactivated H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccines with Different Internal Gene Backbones.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- ELISA-based quantification of neuraminidase in commercial influenza vaccines using virus-derived reference antigens.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- INAAC: An affinity chromatography strategy enabling characterization and quantification of influenza neuraminidase antigens in vaccines.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Distinct infectivity, pathogenicity, and adaptive evolution of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N2 avian influenza viruses in chickens in Taiwan.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Article
- Genetic Optimization of Early 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Vaccine Strains for Improved Replication in Embryonated Chicken Eggs.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Article
- Catch, Cut, or Block? Versatile 4-N-Derivatized Sialyl Glycosides for Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Detection and Purification.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Influenza neuraminidase active site proximity assay for rapid profiling of inhibitory antibodies and antigenic drift.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- A High-Yield Recombinant Inactivated Whole-Virion Nasal Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Vaccine with an Attenuated PB2 Gene.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Intranasally administered whole virion inactivated vaccine against clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 influenza virus with optimized antigen and increased cross-protection.Virology journal · 2025Article
- CircRNA based multivalent neuraminidase vaccine induces broad protection against influenza viruses in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Capsid virus-like particle display improves recombinant influenza neuraminidase antigen stability and immunogenicity in mice.iScience · 2024Article
- Article
- Tissue Tropism of H9N2 Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Broiler Chickens by Immunohistochemistry.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Silencing Transcription from an Influenza Reverse Genetics Plasmid inACS synthetic biology · 2023Article
- Phenotypic effects of mutations observed in the neuraminidase of human origin H5N1 influenza A viruses.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Antigenic comparison of the neuraminidases from recent influenza A vaccine viruses and 2019-2020 circulating strains.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Contribution of Neuraminidase to the Efficacy of Seasonal Split Influenza Vaccines in the Ferret Model.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Selection of an Optimal Recombinant Egyptian H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccine Strain for Poultry with High Antigenicity and Safety.Vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Virions are a common antigen source for many viral vaccines. One limitation to using virions is that the antigen abundance is determined by the content of each protein in the virus. This caveat especially applies to viral-based influenza vaccines where the low abundance of the neuraminidase (NA) surface antigen remains a bottleneck for improving the NA antibody response. Our systematic analysis using recent H1N1 vaccine antigens demonstrates that the NA to hemagglutinin (HA) ratio in virions can be improved by exchanging the viral backbone internal genes, especially the segment encoding the polymerase PB1 subunit. The purified inactivated virions with higher NA content show a more spherical morphology, a shift in the balance between the HA receptor binding and NA receptor release functions, and induce a better NA inhibitory antibody response in mice. These results indicate that influenza viruses support a range of ratios for a given NA and HA pair which can be used to produce viral-based influenza vaccines with higher NA content that can elicit more balanced neutralizing antibody responses to NA and HA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.