ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2021
Longitudinal Studies 1: Determinants of Risk.
Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Outline: The Long-Term Impact of Exercise on Adolescent Growth and Development.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome in Young Piglets-A Longitudinal Study.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Wear patterns in knee OA correlate with native limb geometry.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Longitudinal or observational study designs are important methodologies to investigate potential associations that may not be amenable to randomized controlled trials. In many cases, they may be performed using existing data and are often cost-effective ways of addressing important questions. The major disadvantage of observational studies is the potential for bias. The absence of randomization means that one can never be certain that unknown confounders are present, and specific studies designs have their own inherent forms of bias. Careful study design may minimize bias. Establishing casual association based on observational methods requires due consideration of the quality of the individual study and knowledge of their limitations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
33871840What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.