Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33871733›Full record

SynthesisNeurosurgical review2021

Intrathecal baclofen, selective dorsal rhizotomy, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of spasticity in cerebral palsy: a systematic review.

Amogh Kudva, Mickey E Abraham, Justin Gold, Neal A Patel, Julian L Gendreau, Yehuda Herschman, Antonios Mammis

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neurosurgical review, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Trial
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  7. Review
  8. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Selective dorsal rhizotomy after baclofen intrathecal pump removal: a single-center experience and review of the literature.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024
    Review
  13. Efficacy and influencing factors of cervical perivascular sympathectomy in children with cerebral palsy.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Inhibitory Synaptic Influences on Developmental Motor Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Review
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  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Amogh KudvaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
Mickey E AbrahamDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Justin GoldDepartment of Neurosurgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
Neal A PatelMercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA.
Julian L GendreauDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, USA. jgendre1@jhu.edu.
Yehuda HerschmanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
Antonios MammisDepartment of Neurosurgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolRutgers, The State University of New Jersey · USJohns Hopkins University · USMercer University · USUniversity of California, San Diego · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic congenital disorder as the result of abnormal brain development. Children suffering from CP often battle debilitating chronic spasticity, which has been the focus of recent academic literature. In this systematic review, the authors aim to update the current neuromodulation procedures for the treatment of spasticity associated with CP in all age groups. A systematic review following was conducted using PubMed from inception to 2020. After initial title and abstract screening, 489 articles were identified, and 48 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. In total, a majority of the published articles of treatments for CP were reporting the use of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) (54%), and the remainder were of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps (29%) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) (17%). Each method was found to have improvement of spasticity at a rate that achieved statistical significance. ITB pump therapy is an all-encompassing method of treating spasticity in children from CP, as it allows for a less invasive treatment that can be titrated to individual patient needs; however, its disadvantages include its long-term maintenance requirements. SDR appears to be an effective method for permanent spasticity relief in young patients. ESWT is a more recent and innovative technique for offering relief of spasticity while being minimally invasiveness. Further studies are needed to establish optimal frequencies and sites of application for ESWT.

Indexed as

Cerebral PalsyExtracorporeal Shockwave TherapyMuscle Relaxants, CentralBaclofenChildHumansRhizotomyTreatment OutcomeBaclofenMuscle Relaxants, CentralCerebral palsyIntrathecal baclofenNeuromodulationRhizotomyShockwave therapySpasticity

Identifiers

PMID33871733
OpenAlexW3155218726

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.