ArticlePediatric cardiology2021
Epidemiology of Pediatric Heart Failure in the USA-a 15-Year Multi-Institutional Study.
Article in Pediatric cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene-edited pig cardiac xenotransplantation as a bridge to allotransplantation in infants: Progress in a pig-to-baboon model.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Article
- LVEF 53% as a Novel Mortality Predictor in Pediatric Heart Failure: A Multicenter Biomarker-Stratified Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prolonged Inotrope Use After Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease: A Common Occurrence with a High Burden of Mortality.Pediatric cardiology · 2025Article
- NT-proBNP for Predicting All-Cause Death and Heart Transplant in Children and Adults with Heart Failure.Pediatric cardiology · 2025Observational
- Worldwide prevalence of heart failure due to congenital heart disease: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease · 2025Article
- Age-Based Classification and Outcomes in Pediatric Heart Failure: Findings From a Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Detection of Right and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Pediatric Patients Using Artificial Intelligence-Enabled ECGs.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of heart failure in Türkiye.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Pediatric heart failure classification based on left ventricular ejection fraction.Pediatric discovery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The epidemiology of pediatric heart failure (HF) has been characterized for congenital heart disease (CHD) and cardiomyopathies (CM), but the impact of CM associated with CHD has not been studied. This study aims to describe the characteristics and outcomes of inpatient pediatric HF patients with CHD, CM, and CHD with CM (CHD + CM) across the USA. We included all HF patients with CM diagnoses with and without CHD using ICD 9/10 codes ≤ 19 years old from January 2004 to September 2019 using the Pediatric Health Information System database. We identified 67,349 unique patients ≤ 19 years old with HF, of which 87% had CHD, 7% had CHD + CM, and 6% had CM. Pediatric HF admissions increased significantly from 2004 to 2018 with an associated increase in extracorporeal circulatory support (ECLS) use. Heart transplantation (HTX) increased only in the CHD and CHD + CM groups. CHD patients required less ECLS with and without HTX; however, they had significantly higher inpatient mortality after those procedures than the other groups (p < 0.001). CM patients were older (median 115 months) and had the lowest inpatient mortality after HTX with and without ECLS (p < 0.05). CHD + CM showed the highest overall inpatient mortality (15%), and cumulative hospital billed charges (median US$ 541,374), all p < 0.001. Pediatric HF admissions have increased from 2004 to 2018. ECLS use and HTX have expanded in this population, with an associated decrease in inpatient mortality in the CHD and CM groups. CHD + CM patients are a growing population with the highest inpatient mortality.
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