ReviewAmino acids2021
Proline metabolism and transport in retinal health and disease.
Review in Amino acids, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- "L-Ornithine Liposomal Nanoparticles Targeting the Proline Cycle: A Mechanistic Perspective for Ammonia-Driven Hepatic Encephalopathy".Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1-mediated pathway promotes proline-dependent collagen production in cardiac myofibroblasts.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Metabolomics Effects of Folding Correction in Retinitis Pigmentosa Rhodopsin Mutant P23A.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Exosomal Profiling Reveals Mechanisms of Hibernation-Associated Neuroprotection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Metabolic and Genetic Alterations in Early and Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Inosine, Amino Acids, andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Connexin43 Deficiency Leads to Ventricular Arrhythmias by Reprogramming Proline Metabolism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Early proteomic and metabolomic signatures in diabetes associated with progression to diabetic retinopathy over 1-2 years.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota Signatures and Potential Mediators in the Trajectory of Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Phased Atlas by Genetic Inference.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- L-proline supplementation affects non-volatile flavour perception through oral microbiome metabolic pathways.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying gyrate atrophy: Why is the retina primarily affected?Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Review
- Intermittent fasting attenuates glial hyperactivation and photoreceptor degeneration in a NaIOCommunications biology · 2025Article
- Enzymatic valorization of fishery by-products: harnessing cold-adapted marine proteases for sustainable production of bioactive peptides.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Metabolomic insights into vitreous humor with therapy outcome in type 2 diabetic retinopathy.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Metabolomics in Cancer: Mass Spectrometry-Based Approaches for Metabolic Rewiring Analysis and Therapeutic Discovery.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Collagen hydroxylation couples NAD+/NADH dynamics to tumor dormancy and reactivation.Research square · 2025Article
- Metabolomic biomarkers in vitreous humor: unveiling the molecular landscape of diabetic retinopathy progression.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- ALDH4A1 functions as an active component of the MPC complex maintaining mitochondrial pyruvate import for TCA cycle entry and tumour suppression.Nature cell biology · 2025Article
- Distinct metabolome and flux responses in the retinal pigment epithelium to cytokines associated with age-related macular degeneration: comparison of ARPE-19 cells and eyecups.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy, Vision, and Chorioretinal Asymmetries in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: ALSTAR2.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The Importance of Differentiated RPE Cultures for studying Cell Biological Processes.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The retina is one of the most energy-demanding tissues in the human body. Photoreceptors in the outer retina rely on nutrient support from the neighboring retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a monolayer of epithelial cells that separate the retina and choroidal blood supply. RPE dysfunction or cell death can result in photoreceptor degeneration, leading to blindness in retinal degenerative diseases including some inherited retinal degenerations and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In addition to having ready access to rich nutrients from blood, the RPE is also supplied with lactate from adjacent photoreceptors. Moreover, RPE can phagocytose lipid-rich outer segments for degradation and recycling on a daily basis. Recent studies show RPE cells prefer proline as a major metabolic substrate, and they are highly enriched for the proline transporter, SLC6A20. In contrast, dysfunctional or poorly differentiated RPE fails to utilize proline. RPE uses proline to fuel mitochondrial metabolism, synthesize amino acids, build the extracellular matrix, fight against oxidative stress, and sustain differentiation. Remarkably, the neural retina rarely imports proline directly, but it uptakes and utilizes intermediates and amino acids derived from proline catabolism in the RPE. Mutations of genes in proline metabolism are associated with retinal degenerative diseases, and proline supplementation is reported to improve RPE-initiated vision loss. This review will cover proline metabolism in RPE and highlight the importance of proline transport and utilization in maintaining retinal metabolism and health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.