ArticleThe Plant cell2021
Complex evolution of novel red floral color in Petunia.
Article in The Plant cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Two Indel Variations in the Regulated Carotenoid Pigment Gene Hold the Key to the Interspecies Flower Colour Differentiation in Liriodendron Plants.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Temperature and the evolution of flower color: A review.American journal of botany · 2026Review
- MYB regulator of "colorless" flavonols underlies the evolution of red flowers in Iochroma (Solanaceae).G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- CanGenes · 2025Article
- The GenusPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genetic basis of camouflage in an alpine plant and its long-term co-evolution with an insect herbivore.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
- Natural variations in the Cis-elements of GhRPRS1 contributing to petal colour diversity in cotton.Plant biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- A multiscale approach to understanding the shared blue-orange flower color polymorphism in two Lysimachia species.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- The R2R3 MYB Ruby1 is activated by two cold responsive ethylene response factors, via the retrotransposon in its promoter, to positively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in citrus.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Cell layer-specific expression of the homeotic MADS-box transcription factor PhDEF contributes to modular petal morphogenesis in petunia.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- How the switch to hummingbird pollination has greatly contributed to our understanding of evolutionary processes.The New phytologist · 2024Review
- Shades of white: The Petunia long corolla tube clade evolutionary history.Genetics and molecular biology · 2024Article
- A persistent major mutation in canonical jasmonate signaling is embedded in an herbivory-elicited gene network.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Evolutionary walks through flower colour space driven by gene expression inProceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Genome-Wide Analysis of the BAHD Family in Welsh Onion and CER2-LIKEs Involved in Wax Metabolism.Genes · 2023Article
- Review
- Genetic architecture of a pollinator shift and its fate in secondary hybrid zones of two Petunia species.BMC biology · 2023Article
- Serving Two Masters: Effect ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Tight genetic linkage of genes causing hybrid necrosis and pollinator isolation between young species.Nature plants · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Red flower color has arisen multiple times and is generally associated with hummingbird pollination. The majority of evolutionary transitions to red color proceeded from purple lineages and tend to be genetically simple, almost always involving a few loss-of-function mutations of major phenotypic effect. Here we report on the complex evolution of a novel red floral color in the hummingbird-pollinated Petunia exserta (Solanaceae) from a colorless ancestor. The presence of a red color is remarkable because the genus cannot synthesize red anthocyanins and P. exserta retains a nonfunctional copy of the key MYB transcription factor AN2. We show that moderate upregulation and a shift in tissue specificity of an AN2 paralog, DEEP PURPLE, restores anthocyanin biosynthesis in P. exserta. An essential shift in anthocyanin hydroxylation occurred through rebalancing the expression of three hydroxylating genes. Furthermore, the downregulation of an acyltransferase promotes reddish hues in typically purple pigments by preventing acyl group decoration of anthocyanins. This study presents a rare case of a genetically complex evolutionary transition toward the gain of a novel red color.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.