ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2021
Attack rates amongst household members of outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 in Bergen, Norway: A case-ascertained study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk assessment and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of outbreaks of COVID-19 within households in the European region when the child is the index case.BMJ paediatrics open · 2023Pooled it
- Using secondary cases to characterize the severity of an emerging or re-emerging infection.Nature communications · 2021Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 and the role of close contact in transmission: a systematic review.F1000Research · 2021Pooled it
- Durable T-cellular and humoral responses in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized and community patients.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Assessing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in African households from the reanalysis of serosurveys.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Roles of children, isolation measures and socioeconomic status in SARS-CoV-2 household transmission: a retrospective cohort study in a southern US city.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Markers of T cell activation and exhaustion in plasma are associated with persistent symptoms up to 18 months following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Modelling the effectiveness of antiviral treatment strategies to prevent household transmission of acute respiratory viruses.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- COVID-19, social determinants of transmission in the home. A population-based study.European journal of public health · 2024Article
- Risk Factors for Community and Intrahousehold Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Modeling in a Nationwide French Population-Based Cohort Study, the EpiCoV Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- High SARS-CoV-2 secondary infection rates in households with children in Georgia, United States, Fall 2020-Winter 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Symptom Burden and Immune Dynamics 6 to 18 Months Following Mild Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (SARS-CoV-2): A Case-control Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- From rejection to the Nobel Prize: Karikó and Weissman's pioneering work on mRNA vaccines, and the need for diversity and inclusion in translational immunology.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 specific immune responses in overweight and obese COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Modelling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on workplace transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the home-delivery sector.PloS one · 2023Article
- Article
- Clinical and Epidemiological Presentation of COVID-19 among Children in Conflict Setting.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHouseholds studies reflect the natural spread of SARS-CoV-2 in immunologically naive populations with limited preventive measures to control transmission.We hypothesise that seropositivity provides more accurate household attack rates than RT-PCR. Here, we investigated the importance of age in household transmission dynamics.
methodsWe enroled 112 households (291 participants) in a case-ascertained study in Bergen, Norway from 28th February to 4th April 2020, collecting demographic and clinical data from index patients and household members. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were measured in sera collected 6-8 weeks after index patient nasopharyngeal testing to define household attack rates.
findingsThe overall attack rate was 45% (95% CI 38-53) assessed by serology, and 47% when also including seronegative RT-PCR positives. Serology identified a higher number of infected household members than RT-PCR. Attack rates were equally high in children (48%) and young adults (42%). The attack rate was 16% in asymptomatic household members and 42% in RT-PCR negative contacts. Older adults had higher antibody titres than younger adults. The risk of household transmission was higher when the index patient had fever (aOR 3.31 [95% CI 1.52-7.24];
interpretationSerological assays provide more sensitive and robust estimates of household attack rates than RT-PCR. Children are equally susceptible to infection as young adults. Negative RT-PCR or lack of symptoms are not sufficient to rule out infection in household members.
fundingHelse Vest (F-11628), Trond Mohn Foundation (TMS2020TMT05).
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