ArticleeLife2021
Repeated introductions and intensive community transmission fueled a mumps virus outbreak in Washington State.
Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nextstrain automates real-time phylogenetic analysis of open data for endemic and emerging pathogens.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Lineage Diversification and Evolutionary Dynamics of theMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Biological causes and impacts of rugged tree landscapes in phylodynamic inference.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Biological causes and impacts of rugged tree landscapes in phylodynamic inference.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Fine-scale spatial and social patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from identical pathogen sequences.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- An atlas of continuous adaptive evolution in endemic human viruses.Cell host & microbe · 2023Article
- Population genomics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli uncovers high connectivity between urban and rural communities in Ecuador.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Exploring the Mumps Virus Glycoproteins: A Review.Viruses · 2022Review
- Containing the spread of mumps on college campuses.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- Outbreaks of mumps genotype G viruses in the Netherlands between October 2019 and March 2020: clusters associated with multiple introductions.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Acute SARS-CoV-2 infections harbor limited within-host diversity and transmit via tight transmission bottlenecks.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In 2016/2017, Washington State experienced a mumps outbreak despite high childhood vaccination rates, with cases more frequently detected among school-aged children and members of the Marshallese community. We sequenced 166 mumps virus genomes collected in Washington and other US states, and traced mumps introductions and transmission within Washington. We uncover that mumps was introduced into Washington approximately 13 times, primarily from Arkansas, sparking multiple co-circulating transmission chains. Although age and vaccination status may have impacted transmission, our data set could not quantify their precise effects. Instead, the outbreak in Washington was overwhelmingly sustained by transmission within the Marshallese community. Our findings underscore the utility of genomic data to clarify epidemiologic factors driving transmission and pinpoint contact networks as critical for mumps transmission. These results imply that contact structures and historic disparities may leave populations at increased risk for respiratory virus disease even when a vaccine is effective and widely used.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.