ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2021
Associations of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Fat Mass With Incident Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study of UK Biobank Participants.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of muscle wasting with mortality risk among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Pooled it
- Mediterranean diet vs. the Australian guide to healthy eating (AGHE) on body composition and glucose metabolism: A randomized controlled trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- An Energy-Reduced Mediterranean Diet, Physical Activity, and Body Composition: An Interim Subgroup Analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Leg fat-to-total fat ratio improves waist-to-height ratio for discriminating metabolic syndrome: a nationwide cross-sectional study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Higher skeletal muscle mass is associated with higher blood pressure and left ventricular mass.Journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia and Its Associated Metabolic Profile Predict Incident Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study of 267 335 Adults in the UK Biobank.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Association between grip strength and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Prospective analyses in the Tongji-Huaxi-Shuangliu Birth Cohort.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Muscle Mass Moderates Metabolic Syndrome Risk Associated with Adiposity: A SHAP-Based Machine Learning Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- L-shaped association of skeletal muscle mass with all-cause mortality among US adults: a population-based cohort study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Body Composition With Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Young Adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Testosterone modifies U-Shaped association of eGFR with all-cause mortality in Chinese female centenarians: a prospective cohort study.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2026Article
- Beyond Body Mass Index: Toward a Focus on Body Composition and Function.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease among adults with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3: A prospective cohort study.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Dual Roles of HbA1c Variability and Body Composition for Cardiovascular Risk: A Cohort Study of 8224 Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Association between morphological and mechanical properties of lower limb muscles and metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Does Exercise Performance Differ Among Male Law Enforcement Officers Based on Their Body Mass Index Category?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Normalized Creatinine-to-Cystatin C Ratio and Risk of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Insights from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Article
- Associations Between Physical Capability Markers and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Study of 439,295 UK Biobank Participants.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chain effect of lifecourse reproductive characteristics and body fat and muscle on cardiovascular disease in women: a Mendelian randomization study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Examining the Relationship Between Anthropometric and Body Composition measures with Coronary Heart Disease Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background There is debate whether body mass index is a good predictor of health outcomes because different tissues, namely skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat mass (FM), may be differentially associated with risk. We investigated the association of appendicular SMM (aSMM) and FM with fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. We compared their prognostic value to that of body mass index. Methods and Results We studied 356 590 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years with bioimpedance analysis data for whole-body FM and predicted limb muscle mass (to calculate aSMM). Associations between aSMM and FM with CVD and all-cause mortality were examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Over 3 749 501 person-years of follow-up, there were 27 784 CVD events and 15 844 all-cause deaths. In men, aSMM was positively associated with CVD incidence (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09) and there was a curvilinear association in women. There were stronger positive associations between FM and CVD with HRs per SD of 1.20 (95% CI, 1.19-1.22) and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.23-1.27) in men and women respectively. Within FM tertiles, the associations between aSMM and CVD risk largely persisted. There were J-shaped associations between aSMM and FM with all-cause mortality in both sexes. Body mass index was modestly better at discriminating CVD risk. Conclusions FM showed a strong positive association with CVD risk. The relationship of aSMM with CVD risk differed between sexes, and potential mechanisms need further investigation. Body fat and SMM bioimpedance measurements were not superior to body mass index in predicting population-level CVD incidence or all-cause mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.