ArticleHealth services research2022
Five-year impact of Medicare Part D coverage gap reform on drug expenditures and utilization.
Article in Health services research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Estimated Out-of-Pocket Costs for Patients With Common Cancers and Private Insurance.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Five-year impact of Medicare Part D coverage gap reform on drug expenditures and utilization.Health services research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the impact of the Medicare Part D coverage gap reform under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the utilization of and expenditures for prescription drugs within the first five years of the policy's implementation. DATA SOURCES: 2008-2015 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS). STUDY
designWe used a difference-in-differences approach to estimate the year-by-year changes in prescription drug use and expenditures before (2006-2010) and after (2011-2015) the ACA's Part D coverage gap reform between Part D beneficiaries not receiving the Low-Income Subsidy (LIS) and those receiving the LIS. DATA COLLECTION: The study sample included Part D beneficiaries (a) aged 65 years or older; (b) not disabled or having end-stage renal disease; (c) continuously enrolled in a Part D plan (d) having at least one prescription fill in a given year. Survey-reported and administrative Part D events data in the MCBS were used for the analyses. PRINCIPAL
findingsAfter the ACA reform, annual out-of-pocket drug spending significantly decreased by $88 (P < .01) among non-LIS beneficiaries compared to LIS beneficiaries, with growing decreases over time (average decreases of $41 in 2011, $49 in 2012, $105 in 2013, and $135 in 2015, P < .01 or <.05). Changes in out-of-pocket costs were largely driven by significant decreases among brand-name drugs (overall decrease of $106, P < .01). Despite significantly reduced out-of-pocket spending, there were no significant changes in the overall number of 30-day drug fills and total drug spending; however, changes in the use of brand-name and generic drugs were seen after the ACA (increase of 1.9 fills for brand-name drugs and decrease of 2.3 fills for generic drug in 2015, P < .05).
conclusionsThe ACA coverage gap reform has helped to reduce the out-of-pocket drug cost burden for beneficiaries, although it had no noticeable impact on drug use or total drug spending.
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