ArticleMed (New York, N.Y.)2021
Mucosal-associated invariant T cell responses differ by sex in COVID-19.
Article in Med (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune profiling in a living human recipient of a gene-edited pig kidney.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Estrogen Induced Regulation of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Asthma.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Article
- The MR1/MAIT cell axis impacts the gut-brain axis through both cognition and microbial community structure in 5XFAD mice.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- CAFE: an integrated web app for high-dimensional analysis and visualization in spectral flow cytometry.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- The Role of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Viral Infections and Their Function in Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Repercussion of SARS-CoV-2 on the Sexual Function in Males: An Updated Review.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Amplification of select autonomous HERV loci and surrounding host gene transcription in monocytes from patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CAFE: An Integrated Web App for High-Dimensional Analysis and Visualization in Spectral Flow Cytometry.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells are not susceptible in vitro to SARS-CoV-2 infection but accumulate into the lungs of COVID-19 patients.Virus research · 2024Article
- Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in infectious diseases of respiratory system: recent advancements and applications.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2024Review
- Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Route of Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease Progression That Drives a Vicious Cycle of Ocular Surface Inflammatory Damage.American journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Sex chromosome complement and sex steroid signaling underlie sex differences in immunity to respiratory virus infection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Role of LGMN in tumor development and its progression and connection with the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Effects of Biological Sex and Pregnancy on SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Vaccine Outcomes.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Article
- Interferon response and profiling of interferon response genes in peripheral blood of vaccine-naive COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Emerging features of MAIT cells and other unconventional T cell populations in human viral disease and vaccination.Seminars in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Influenza vaccination and single cell multiomics reveal sex dimorphic immune imprints of prior mild COVID-19.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
- The current status of gene expression profilings in COVID-19 patients.Clinical and translational discovery · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSexual dimorphisms in immune responses contribute to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, but the mechanisms governing this disparity remain incompletely understood.
methodsWe carried out sex-balanced sampling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals with confirmed COVID-19, uninfected close contacts, and healthy control individuals for 36-color flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing.
findingsOur results revealed a pronounced reduction of circulating mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in infected females. Integration of published COVID-19 airway tissue datasets suggests that this reduction represented a major wave of MAIT cell extravasation during early infection in females. Moreover, MAIT cells from females possessed an immunologically active gene signature, whereas cells from males were pro-apoptotic.
conclusionsOur findings uncover a female-specific protective MAIT cell profile, potentially shedding light on reduced COVID-19 susceptibility in females.
fundingThis work was supported by NIH/NIAID (U01AI066569 and UM1AI104681), the Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA; N66001-09-C-2082 and HR0011-17-2-0069), the Veterans Affairs Health System, and Virology Quality Assurance (VQA; 75N93019C00015). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the National Institutes of Health. COVID-19 samples were processed under Biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) with aerosol management enhancement or BSL-3 in the Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, which received partial support for construction from NIH/NIAID (UC6AI058607).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.