ArticleJACC. CardioOncology2021
Cardiovascular Risk Factors are Associated with Future Cancer.
Article in JACC. CardioOncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- American Heart Association cardiovascular health metrics and cancer outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.American heart journal · 2026Pooled it
- Cancer risk subsequent to cardiovascular disease: a prospective population-based study and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Lifestyle scores and their potential to estimate the risk of multiple non-communicable disease-related endpoints: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Using multi-omics to explore the genetic causal relationship between colorectal cancer and heart failure in gastrointestinal tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Body mass index and cancer risk among adults with and without cardiometabolic diseases: evidence from the EPIC and UK Biobank prospective cohort studies.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Identification of two tofacitinib subpopulations with different relative risk versus TNF inhibitors: an analysis of the open label, randomised controlled study ORAL Surveillance.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Trial
- Malignancy risk with tofacitinib versus TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the open-label, randomised controlled ORAL Surveillance trial.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Trial
- Adherence, safety, and satisfaction of a cardio-oncology rehabilitation program framework versus community exercise training for cancer survivors: findings from the CORE trial.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023Trial
- Tofacitinib and Risk of Malignancy: Results From the Safety of Tofacitinib in Routine Care Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (STAR-RA) Study.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2022Trial
- The intersection of colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease: shared mechanisms and clinical implications.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Markers of Autonomic Function and Cancer Mortality Risk in Healthy Adults.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Increased Heart Failure Risk with Gastric Cancer Progression: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Gut and liver · 2026Article
- Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Phenotypes Across Major Cancer Types: Distribution and Association with All-Cause Mortality in a Retrospective Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of Subclinical Cardiac Remodeling With Incident Cancer in the MESA Cohort.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- ETS‑1/ETS‑2 transcription factors in CVD (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Baseline cardiac biomarkers as predictors of future cancer: a new frontier in preventive cardio-oncology.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Coronary artery disease and cancer: Shared risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment effects.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Review
- Association Between Cancer Treatment History and Coronary Inflammation.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- Elucidating the causal triad of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and lipid traits: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study with genetic mediation analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe extent to which co-occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer is due to shared risk factors or other mechanisms is unknown.
objectivesWe investigated the association of standard CVD risk factors, CVD biomarkers, preexisting CVD, and ideal CV health metrics with the development of future cancer.
methodsWe prospectively followed Framingham Heart Study and PREVEND participants free of cancer at baseline, and ascertained histology-proven cancer. We studied the association of baseline CV risk factors, 10-year atherosclerotic CVD risk score, established CVD biomarkers, prevalent CVD, and AHA Life's Simple 7 CV health score with incident cancer using multivariable Cox models. Analyses of interim CVD events with incident cancer used time-dependent covariates.
resultsAmong 20,305 participants (mean age 50 ± 14 years, 54% women), 2,548 incident cancer cases occurred over a median follow-up of 15.0 (13.3-15.0) surveillance years. Traditional CVD risk factors including age, sex, and smoking status were independently associated with cancer (P <0.001 for all). Estimated 10-year atherosclerotic CVD risk was also associated with future cancer (HR 1.16 per 5% increase in risk, 95% CI 1.14-1.17, P<0.001). We found that natriuretic peptides (NP) (tertile 3 vs 1: HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03-1.91, p=0.035) was associated with incident cancer, but not high sensitivity troponin (hs-cTn) (p=0.47). Prevalent CVD and the development of interim CV events were not associated with higher risk of subsequent cancer. However, ideal CV health was associated with lower future cancer risk (HR 0.95 per 1-point increase in AHA health score, 95% CI 0.92-0.99, p=0.009).
conclusionsCVD risk as captured by traditional CVD risk factors, 10-year atherosclerotic CVD risk score, and NP concentrations are associated with increased risk of future cancer. Conversely, a heart healthy lifestyle is associated with a reduced risk of future cancer. Our data suggest that the association between CVD and future cancer is attributable to shared risk factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.