ReviewFrontiers in medicine2021
Novel Immune Subsets and Related Cytokines: Emerging Players in the Progression of Liver Fibrosis.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- miR-26b-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells exhibit enhanced anti-fibrotic efficacy in a mouse model of hepatic fibrosis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Acellular Adipose Tissue promotes anti-fibrotic remodeling in Phase II Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Alleviation of Chitin- and Ovalbumin-Induced Steroid-Resistant Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation Associated with NLRP3 Axis Inhibition in a Mouse Model.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Role of mitogens in normal and pathological liver regeneration.Hepatology communications · 2025Review
- Machine learning and experimental validation identified autophagy signature in hepatic fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Contribution of αβ T cells to macrophage polarization and MSC recruitment and proliferation on titanium implants.Acta biomaterialia · 2023Article
- [Regulating the immune response to carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice by blocking inducible co-stimulatory molecules and interleukin-33].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2023Article
- Insights into the impact of hepatitis B virus on hepatic stellate cell activation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Longitudinal global transcriptomic profiling of preclinical systemic sclerosis reveals molecular changes associated with disease progression.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Thermoneutral housing shapes hepatic inflammation and damage in mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Distinct Expression Patterns of Genes Coding for Biological Response Modifiers Involved in Inflammatory Responses and Development of Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C: Upregulation of SMAD-6 and MMP-8 and Downregulation of CAV-1, CTGF, CEBPB, PLG, TIMP-3, MMP-1, ITGA-1, ITGA-2 and LOX.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- The Effect of Treatment-Induced Viral Eradication on Cytokine and Growth Factor Expression in Chronic Hepatitis C.Viruses · 2022Article
- The antifibrotic role of natural killer cells in liver fibrosis.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Crosstalk between NK cells and hepatic stellate cells in liver fibrosis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2022Review
- Review
- Decreased CD57 expression of natural killer cells enhanced cytotoxicity in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Hepatic stellate cell-derived exosomes modulate macrophage inflammatory response.Experimental cell research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological process caused by persistent chronic injury of the liver. Kupffer cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and dendritic cells (DCs), which are in close contact with T and B cells, serve to bridge innate and adaptive immunity in the liver. Meanwhile, an imbalanced inflammatory response constitutes a challenge in liver disease. The dichotomous roles of novel immune cells, including T helper 17 (Th17), regulatory T cells (Tregs), mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT), and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in liver fibrosis have gradually been revealed. These cells not only induce damage during liver fibrosis but also promote tissue repair. Hence, immune cells have unique, and often opposing, roles during the various stages of fibrosis. Due to this heterogeneity, the treatment, or reversal of fibrosis through the target of immune cells have attracted much attention. Moreover, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) constitutes the core of fibrosis. This activation is regulated by various immune mediators, including Th17, Th22, and Th9, MAIT, ILCs, and γδ T cells, as well as their related cytokines. Thus, liver fibrosis results from the complex interaction of these immune mediators, thereby complicating the ability to elucidate the mechanisms of action elicited by each cell type. Future developments in biotechnology will certainly aid in this feat to inform the design of novel therapeutic targets. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the role of specific immune cells in liver fibrosis, as well as biomarkers and treatment methods related to these cells.
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