ArticleFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021
Urea as a By-Product of Ammonia Metabolism Can Be a Potential Serum Biomarker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Article in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of metabolomic profiles linked to liver cancer.Journal of liver cancer · 2026Article
- Ammonia signaling network: the intersection of tumor metabolism, epigenetics, and metastasis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Ammonia Suppresses the Antitumor Activity of Natural Killer Cells and T Cells by Decreasing Mature Perforin.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Photo-induced-photo-catalytic SERS with silver-deposited TiORSC advances · 2025Article
- Unlocking new possibility of FeRSC advances · 2025Article
- FDX1 downregulation activates mitophagy and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inducing ROS production.Redox biology · 2024Article
- Glutamine Metabolism and Prostate Cancer.Cancers · 2024Review
- Ammonia Detection by Electronic Noses for a Safer Work Environment.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Nephroprotective Effect ofACS omega · 2024Article
- From the Inside Out: Exposing the Roles of Urea Cycle Enzymes in Tumors and Their Micro and Macro Environments.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024Review
- Plasma proteome fingerprint in kidney diseases.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- Plasma metabolomic analysis of human hepatocellular carcinoma before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Disturbances in Nitric Oxide Cycle and Related Molecular Pathways in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2023Review
- Characterization of Salivary and Plasma Metabolites as Biomarkers for HCC: A Pilot Study.Cancers · 2023Article
- Article
- Metabolomics-Guided Identification of a Distinctive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Signature.Cancers · 2023Article
- Microenvironmental ammonia enhances T cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer.Cell metabolism · 2023Article
- Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed a Significant Alteration of Critical Metabolic Pathways Due to Sorafenib-Resistance in Hep3B Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- [Research advances of metabolomics in early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2022Review
- Spatiotemporal modulation of SMAD4 by HBx is required for cellular proliferation in hepatitis B-related liver cancer.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly malignant; nearly half of the new cases and deaths are in China. The poor prognosis of HCC is mainly due to late diagnosis; many new biomarkers have been developed for HCC diagnosis. However, few markers are quickly translated into clinical practice; early and differential diagnosis of HCC from cirrhosis and/or hepatitis is still a clinical challenge. Metabolomics and biochemical methods were used to reveal specific serum biomarkers of HCC. Most of the elevated metabolites in HCC and HBV patients were overlapped compared with controls. Urea was the specifically elevated serum biomarker of HCC patients. Moreover, urea combined with AFP and CEA can improve the sensitivity of HCC diagnosis. The plasma ammonia of HCC patients was significantly higher than healthy controls. Co-culture cell model revealed normal liver cells cooperated with cancer cells to metabolize ammonia into urea. The urea metabolism in cancer cells marginally depended on the expression of CPS1. However, the expression of CPS1 did not change with ammonium chloride, which might regulate the urea cycle through enzyme activity. The urea cycle could detoxify high concentrations of ammonia to promote cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, urea was a by-product of ammonia metabolism and could be a potential serum biomarker for HCC. The combined application of metabolomics and biochemical methods can discover new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC and be quickly applied to clinical diagnosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.