ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2021
Management of Vesicoureteral Reflux: What Have We Learned Over the Last 20 Years?
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urinary tract infections in children.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Prevalence and Clinical Features of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Effect of nursing guidelines for mothers on selected postoperative outcomes among their children with vesicoureteral reflux.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- 5G remote-controlled snake-arm single-port robotic pneumovesical Cohen ureteroneocystostomy: first animal study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Robot-Assisted Extravesical Ureteral Reimplantation (RALUR-EV) in Children: Initial Single-Center Experience at a Public Tertiary-Care Hospital in Ecuador.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injections for patients with vesicoureteral reflux Does the age at injection predict the outcome?Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2025Article
- Factors associated with reflux resolution in extravesical laparoscopic and robotic surgery.BJUI compass · 2025Article
- Neurogenic Bladder in Children with Myelomeningocele.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ultrasound andMedical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2025Article
- Single-center results from the first 100 robotic ureteral reimplantation in children: analysis of learning curve effects.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Primary vesicoureteral reflux.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
- Advancements in Surgical Management of Megaureters.Current urology reports · 2024Review
- An evaluation of ureteral diameter ratio and vesicoureteral reflux index in the treatment of primary vesicoureteral reflux.Asian journal of urology · 2024Article
- Voiding cystourethrography in patients undergoing endoscopic decompression of duplex system ureteroceles: to do or not to do?Pediatric surgery international · 2024Article
- Assessment of Urinary and Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Levels as Novel Predictors for Vesicoureteral Reflux Diagnosis in Children with Febrile Urinary Tract Infection.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Management of Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Efficacy and safety of Hyadex for treatment of vesicoureteral reflux: a multicenter experience.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Observational
- Vesicoureteral Reflux and Innate Immune System: Physiology, Physiopathology, and Clinical Aspects.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Incidence of renal scarring on technetium-99 m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy after acute pyelonephritis, acute focal bacterial nephritis, and renal abscess.Annals of nuclear medicine · 2023Article
- Endoscopic injection of bulking agents in pediatric vesicoureteral reflux: a narrative review of the literature.Pediatric surgery international · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is associated with increased risks of urinary tract infection, renal scarring and reflux nephropathy. We review advancements over the last two decades in our understanding and management of VUR. Over time, the condition may resolve spontaneously but it can persist for many years and bladder/bowel dysfunction is often involved. Some factors that increase the likelihood of persistence (e.g., high grade) also increase the risk of renal scarring. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is generally considered the definitive method for diagnosing VUR, and helpful in determining the need for treatment. However, this procedure causes distress and radiation exposure. Therefore, strategies to reduce clinicians' reliance upon VCUG (e.g., after a VUR treatment procedure) have been developed. There are several options for managing patients with VUR. Observation is suitable only for patients at low risk of renal injury. Antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of UTIs, but drawbacks such as antibiotic resistance and incomplete adherence mean that this option is not viable for long-term use. Long-term studies of endoscopic injection have helped us understand factors influencing use and the effectiveness of this procedure. Ureteral reimplantation is still performed commonly, and robot-assisted laparoscopic methods are gaining popularity. Over the last 20 years, there has been a shift toward more conservative management of VUR with an individualized, risk-based approach. For continued treatment improvement, better identification of children at risk of renal scarring, robust evidence regarding the available interventions, and an improved VUR grading system are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.