ArticleEuropean journal of case reports in internal medicine2021
A 29-year-old Bodybuilder with Liothyronine-induced Thyrotoxic Hypokalaemic Periodic Paralysis.
Article in European journal of case reports in internal medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of Death and Adverse Effects in Patients on Liothyronine: A Multisource Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Poisoning with Thyroid Hormones Used Illegally-Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Physical Activity and Sports-More Unknowns than Facts.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Comment on: "Premature Death in Bodybuilders: What Do We Know?"Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Thyroid Hormone Abuse Among Elite Athletes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Thyroid Hormone Abuse in Elite Sports: The Regulatory Challenge.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We describe a 29-year-old male bodybuilder with recurrent attacks of myalgia and muscle weakness associated with hypokalaemia and thyrotoxicosis due to abuse of liothyronine. The attacks quickly resolved after potassium supplementation and liothyronine cessation. We concluded that the patient had thyrotoxic hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (TPP). Although muscle weakness and hypokalaemia are prominent symptoms of TPP, underlying thyrotoxicosis may be overlooked. Up to 25% of androgen abusers also abuse thyroid hormone. Lack of recognition of thyroid hormone abuse as a cause of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis may result in unnecessary, potentially harmful medical investigations and improper treatment and advice. LEARNING POINTS: In patients with bouts of muscle weakness and hypokalaemia, thyrotoxic hypokalaemic periodic paralysis should be suspected and thyroid function should be evaluated.In bodybuilders and strength athletes, undisclosed abuse of performance and image-enhancing drugs, including thyroid hormone, should be suspected.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.