ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021
The Placebo and Nocebo Responses in Clinical Trials in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Placebo rates in randomized clinical trials of ulcerative colitis: an individual patient data meta-analysis.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Pooled it
- Placebo Rates in Crohn's Disease Randomized Clinical Trials: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.Gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Optimising clinical trial design choices in inflammatory bowel disease.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Nursing-Led Support Across the Standard Care-Clinical Trial-Standard Care Pathway in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review With Realist-Informed Interpretation.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
- The Challenges of Performing Controlled Trials of Diet Therapies in Gastroenterology.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
- The impact of global recruitment and country income on placebo rates in inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2026Article
- A novel provocation protocol to identify nocebo effects in clinical practice-a proof-of-concept n-of-1 study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Current Treatments, Emerging Therapeutics, and Natural Remedies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Clinical Trials in Chronic Arthritic Diseases with Underestimated Impact of Placebo Effects on Study Size Calculation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Nocebo effects in visceral pain: concept and design of the experimental randomized-controlled pain study 'NoVis'.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Bibliometric Properties of Placebo Literature From the JIPS Database: A Descriptive Study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Treatment-refractory ulcerative colitis responsive to indigo naturalis.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Placebo and nocebo responses are mostly discussed in clinical trials with functional bowel disorders. Much less has been investigated and is known in gastrointestinal diseases beyond irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), especially in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). For the purpose of this review, we screened the Journal of Interdisciplinary Placebo Studies (JIPS) database with approximately 4,500 genuine placebo research articles and identified nine meta-analyses covering more than 135 randomized and placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) with more than 10,000 patients with Crohn´s disease (CD) and another five meta-analyses with 150 RCTs and more than 10,000 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Only three discussed nocebo effects, especially in the context of clinical use of biosimilars to treat inflammation. The articles were critically analyzed with respect to the size of the placebo response in CD and UC, its effects on clinical improvement versus maintenance of remission, and mediators and moderators of the response identified. Finally, we discussed and compared the differences and similarities of the placebo responses in IBD and IBS and the nocebo effect in switching from biologics to biosimilars in IBD management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.