ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021
The Genetics of Response to and Side Effects of Lithium Treatment in Bipolar Disorder: Future Research Perspectives.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder: An Integrative Review and In Silico Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Lithium Therapeutic Functions: An Update on Pharmacokinetics, Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Action, Toxicity, and Side Effects.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Response and Adverse Effects to Lithium Treatment in Patients With Bipolar Disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- The Mechanisms of Lithium Action: The Old and New Findings.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Letter to the editor regarding the article, "Type of cycle, temperament and childhood trauma are associated with lithium response in patients with bipolar disorders".International journal of bipolar disorders · 2025Article
- Lithium in Drinking Water and its Potential Impact on Mental Health: A Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- What Patients with Bipolar Disorder Need to Know about Lithium.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cellular Genome-wide Association Study Identifies Common Genetic Variation Influencing Lithium-Induced Neural Progenitor Proliferation.Biological psychiatry · 2023Article
- Pharmacogenomics in Psychiatry Practice: The Value and the Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Slitrk2 deficiency causes hyperactivity with altered vestibular function and serotonergic dysregulation.iScience · 2022Article
- A Comparison of Different Approaches to Clinical Phenotyping of Lithium Response: A Proof of Principle Study Employing Genetic Variants of Three Candidate Circadian Genes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the mood stabilizer lithium is a first-line treatment in bipolar disorder, a substantial number of patients do not benefit from it and experience side effects. No clinical tool is available for predicting lithium response or the occurrence of side effects in everyday clinical practice. Multiple genetic research efforts have been performed in this field because lithium response and side effects are considered to be multifactorial endophenotypes. Available results from linkage and segregation, candidate-gene, and genome-wide association studies indicate a role of genetic factors in determining response and side effects. For example, candidate-gene studies often report GSK3β, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and SLC6A4 as being involved in lithium response, and the latest genome-wide association study found a genome-wide significant association of treatment response with a locus on chromosome 21 coding for two long non-coding RNAs. Although research results are promising, they are limited mainly by a lack of replicability and, despite the collaboration of consortia, insufficient sample sizes. The need for larger sample sizes and "multi-omics" approaches is apparent, and such approaches are crucial for choosing the best treatment options for patients with bipolar disorder. In this article, we delineate the mechanisms of action of lithium and summarize the results of genetic research on lithium response and side effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.