ArticleJournal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing
Rural-urban differences in educational attainment among registered nurses: Implications for achieving an 80% BSN workforce.
Article in Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Traditional Chinese medicine nursing competency and its correlates among clinical nurses in Guangyuan City, China.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Differences in Provider Beliefs and Delivery of the 5As for Cigarette and Non-Cigarette Tobacco Use Between Two Types of Healthcare Centers Serving Rural and/or Medically Underserved Areas of Texas, US.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Academic Aspirations of 12th Grade Students in the United States: Place-Based Diminished Returns of Parental Education in Rural Areas.Open journal of educational research · 2025Article
- Changes in proportion of bachelor's nurses associated with improvements in patient outcomes.Research in nursing & health · 2021Article
- Variations in nursing baccalaureate education and 30-day inpatient surgical mortality.Nursing outlookArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMultiple professional organizations and institutes recommend the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree as a minimum standard for registered nurse practice. Achieving this standard may be particularly challenging in rural areas, which tend to be more economically disadvantaged and have fewer opportunities for higher educational attainment compared to urban areas. PURPOSE: Our primary objective was to provide updated information on rural-urban differences in educational attainment. We also examined rural-urban differences in employment type, salary, and demographics among registered nurses in different practice settings.
methodsData were obtained from the 2011-2015 American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS). The sample included registered nurses (RN) between the ages of 18-64 years (n = 34,104) from all 50 states. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between rurality and BSN preparedness and salary across practice settings.
resultsUrban nurses were more likely to have a BSN degree than rural nurses (57.9% versus 46.1%, respectively; p < 0.0001), and BSN preparedness varied by state. In adjusted analysis, factors in addition to residence associated with BSN preparation included age, race, and region of the country. Differences in wages were experienced by nurses across practice settings with urban nurses generally earning significantly higher salaries across practice settings (p < 0.0001).
conclusionsStrategies to advance nursing workforce education are needed in rural areas and may contribute to improved care quality and health outcomes.
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Registered trials
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