ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2021
Assessing the effects of a two-amino acid flexibility in the Hemagglutinin 220-loop receptor-binding domain on the fitness of Influenza A(H9N2) viruses.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemiological and clinical characterization of human infections with H9N2 avian influenza virus in Changsha city, China, 2015-2025.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Pathogenicity and immune response of turkey A(H1N2) influenza virus of swine-origin on turkeys and mice.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Dominant HA motif 131/132-NT shapes the phenotype of avian H9N2 influenza virus by modulating agglutination property, receptor specificity and infectivity in animals.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Genetic Evolution of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Guangxi, China.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Bivalent Oral Vaccine Using AttenuatedVaccines · 2025Article
- Random forest algorithm reveals novel sites in HA protein that shift receptor binding preference of the H9N2 avian influenza virus.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Baicalin enhances respiratory mucosal immunity by modulating antiviral protein expression and T-cell homeostasis during H9N2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Hemagglutinin glycosylation pattern-specific effects: implications for the fitness of H9.4.2.5-branched H9N2 avian influenza viruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Recent H9N2 avian influenza virus lost hemagglutination activity due to a K141N substitution in hemagglutinin.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Diversity of genotypes and pathogenicity of H9N2 avian influenza virus derived from wild bird and domestic poultry.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Antigenic mapping of the hemagglutinin of the H9 subtype influenza A viruses using sera from Japanese quail (Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Viral Capsid, Antibody, and Receptor Interactions: Experimental Analysis of the Antibody Escape Evolution of Canine Parvovirus.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Influence of Host Sialic Acid Receptors Structure on the Host Specificity of Influenza Viruses.Viruses · 2022Review
- Article
- A Single Vaccination of Chimeric Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Confers Protection Against H9N2 and H3N2 Avian Influenza in Commercial Broilers and Allows a Strategy of Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
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5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The enzootic and zoonotic nature of H9N2 avian influenza viruses poses a persistent threat to the global poultry industry and public health. In particular, the emerging sublineage h9.4.2.5 of H9N2 viruses has drawn great attention. In this study, we determined the effects of the flexibility at residues 226 and 227 in the hemagglutinin on the receptor avidity and immune evasion of H9N2 viruses. The solid-phase direct binding assay showed that residue 226 plays a core role in the receptor preference of H9N2 viruses, while residue 227 affects the preference of the virus for a receptor. Consequently, each of these two successive residues can modulate the receptor avidity of H9N2 viruses and influence their potential of zoonotic infection. The antigenic map based on the cross-hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers revealed that amino acid substitutions at positions 226 or 227 appear to be involved in antigenic drift, potentially resulting in the emergence of H9N2 immune evasion mutants. Further analysis suggested that increased receptor avidity facilitated by residue 226Q or 227M resulted in a reduction in the HI titer. Among the four naturally-occurring amino acid combinations comprising QQ, MQ, LQ, and LM, the number of viruses with LM accounted for 79.64% of the sublineage h9.4.2.5 and the rescued virus with LM exhibited absolute advantages of
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