Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33865375›Full record

ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2021

Antimicrobial activity of the volatile substances from essential oils.

Mareshah Abers, Sydney Schroeder, Linna Goelz, Adrienne Sulser, Tiffany St Rose, Keely Puchalski, Jeffrey Langland

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
21.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Factors Influencing Biofilm Formation ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Optimizing Antibacterial Essential Oil Blends fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. In Vitro Efficacy ofMicroorganisms · 2025
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mareshah AbersSouthwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA.
Sydney SchroederSouthwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA.
Linna GoelzSouthwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA.
Adrienne SulserSouthwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA.
Tiffany St RoseSouthwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA.
Keely PuchalskiSouthwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA.
Jeffrey LanglandSouthwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA. j.langland@scnm.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-8844
Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine & Health Sciences · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEssential oils are volatile and lipophilic liquid extracts made from plants as secondary metabolites that can be obtained by distillation. To date, several studies have investigated the direct antimicrobial activity of liquid essential oils. However, this study investigated the antimicrobial properties of the volatile substances present in various essential oils.

methodsA modified zone of inhibition protocol was developed using agar petri dishes with a center glass vial to allow evaporation and aerosolization of the potential active constituents from essential oils. In total, nineteen essential oils were tested against five Gram positive bacterial species, five Gram negative bacterial species and one fungi.

resultsThis study found potent antimicrobial activity from the volatile constituents of several essential oils. Rosemary, tea tree, and cassia volatiles were found to be the best broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, whereas clove volatiles had almost no antimicrobial activity.

conclusionsThese results support the anecdotal historical evidence of the antimicrobial activity of the volatile constituents essential oils. Modern medical implications for this work may be related to the use of aromatic essential oils for respiratory or dermatological infections.

Indexed as

Oils, VolatileAnti-Bacterial AgentsCassiaFungiGram-Negative BacteriaGram-Positive BacteriaHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPhytotherapyTea Tree OilAnti-Bacterial AgentsOils, Volatilerosemary oilTea Tree OilAntimicrobialsEssential oilsVolatile substances

Identifiers

PMID33865375
PMCPMC8053297
OpenAlexW3156479043

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.