Observational studyThe Laryngoscope2021
Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Impacts the Mouse Vocal Fold Epithelium and Mucus Barrier.
Observational study in The Laryngoscope, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mouse Vocal Fold Permeability In Vivo: Effects of Novel Low-Tech Injury and Instillation Methods.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Dysphonia in Occupational Voice Users: Risk Factors, Causes and Socioepidemiological Profiles.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Laryngeal Basal Cell Response to Cigarette Smoke and E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposures.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Cross-kingdom RNA interference in the dysbiosis-mediated network of vocal fold fibrosis: a pathogenic hypothesis and molecular intervention targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Effects of psychosocial stress on laryngeal microbiology and epithelial barrier integrity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Pediatric Vocal Mechanism: Structure and Function.Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation · 2025Review
- Establishing a Mouse Model of Surgical Vocal Fold Injury.The Laryngoscope · 2025Article
- Effects of Short-term Electronic(e)-Cigarette Aerosol Exposure in the Mouse Larynx.The Laryngoscope · 2024Article
- Method for Collecting Single Epithelial Cells from the Mouse Larynx.The Laryngoscope · 2024Article
- Modulation of mouse laryngeal inflammatory and immune cell responses by low and high doses of mainstream cigarette smoke.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Exposure to e-cigarette vapor extract induces vocal fold epithelial injury and triggers intense mucosal remodeling.Disease models & mechanisms · 2022Article
- Expanded Basal Compartment and Disrupted Barrier in Vocal Fold Epithelium Infected with Mouse Papillomavirus MmuPV1.Viruses · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectives/hypothesisCigarette smoke (CS) is a primary risk factor for the development of numerous benign and malignant laryngeal diseases. The epithelium and mucus lining the vocal folds (VF) are the first barriers against CS. The primary objective of this study was to investigate epithelial and mucus barrier changes in the mouse laryngeal mucosa upon exposure to subacute CS. The secondary objective was to compare mucus barrier changes in mice and human smokers and nonsmokers. Study Design Animal model.
methodsMice were exposed to CS for 4 weeks for 4 hours (N = 12, high dose [HD]) or 1 hour (N = 12, low dose [LD]) per day. Air-exposed mice were used as a control group (N = 10). Larynges were harvested and VF epithelial barrier integrity was evaluated including cellular proliferation and expression of cell junctions. We also investigated mucus production by examining mucus cell area and mucin expression in mice and human smokers and nonsmokers.
resultsHD CS increased VF epithelial cellular proliferation but did not alter the expression of cell junctions. HD CS also induced hypertrophy of the mucus-producing submucosal glands. However, only LD CS increased MUC5AC gene expression. MUC5AC staining appeared elevated in laryngeal specimens from smokers, but this was not significant as compared to nonsmokers.
conclusionsThese findings help us identify potential adaptive mechanisms to CS exposure as well as set the foundation for further study of key aspects of epithelial and mucus barrier integrity that may be implicated in laryngeal disease development following prolonged smoking. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 131:2530-2539, 2021.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.