ArticleTropical animal health and production2021
Temporospatial characterization of the bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of the one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).
Article in Tropical animal health and production, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delving into the innate and adaptive immunity of camelids: a paradigm of interspecies adaptation and evolutionary innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Flow cytometric analysis of immune cell populations in the bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes of the dromedary camel.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Flow Cytometric Analysis of Leukocyte Populations in the Lung Tissue of Dromedary Camels.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Intranasal Vaccination Strategy to Control the COVID-19 Pandemic from a Veterinary Medicine Perspective.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is responsible for the local immune response of the lung against airborne infections. The structure of this tissue varies according to species and age.
aimThe aim of this study was to describe the possible age-related structural variation of the BALT of the one humped camel. MATERIAL AND
methodsFresh specimens from both lungs of 15 clinically healthy male camels (10 months-12 years) were studied with light and electron microscopes.
resultsThe BALT in the camel was variable from few lymphocytes to well-organized lymphoid tissue with a clear germinal center. The BALT of the bronchi is a constant lymphoid tissue in young and adult camels which may be of the large size with clear germinal center in response to repeated immune reaction and involutes in old age. The BALT of the bronchioles may be induced and develops mainly due to an immune reaction and showed great morphological variations and observed in different ages. High endothelial venules were associated with BALT in the bronchi but not with that of the bronchioles. The BALT-associated epithelium was tall pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells in the extrapulmonary bronchi changed to pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium mucous secreting cells in the intrapulmonary bronchi and simple columnar ciliated to simple cuboidal epithelium with Clara cells without goblet cells or mucous secreting cells in the bronchioles.
conclusionsThe BALT of the bronchi is a constant lymphoid tissue in young and adult camels and involutes in old age. The BALT of the bronchioles may be induced and develops mainly due to an immune reaction and observed in different ages.
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