ArticleSleep2021
Measuring sleep regularity: theoretical properties and practical usage of existing metrics.
Article in Sleep, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
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Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Latent profiles of actigraphy-derived sleep regularity, timing, and duration in adults with type 2 diabetes: clinical and psychosocial correlates.Sleep medicine · 2026Article
- When sleep daily rhythm meets the eye: sleep regularity as a behavioral signal of ocular aging.Sleep · 2026Article
- Longitudinal digital phenotyping of activity rhythms and biological aging using commercial wearables.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Bidirectional associations between daily sleep and pain severity in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: A daily diary and actigraphy study.The journal of pain · 2026Article
- Leveraging convenient wearable technology to assess adolescent sleep: physical and behavioral health correlates of single-channel sleep electroencephalogram in a community sample of youth.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- Rationale and protocol for time-based energy intake goals within an obesity care lifestyle intervention: Daily eating patterns for total health study.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- Impact of Sleep Health Domains on Chronic Conditions: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Analysis Using Data from the NHANES 2017-2020.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- A tool for high-throughput quantification of sleep-wake transitions in data from noninvasive piezoelectric cage systems.Current research in neurobiology · 2026Article
- Circadian instability following mass trauma predicts PTSD risk.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sleep Health Dimensions From Wearables and Transdiagnostic Mental Health in Young Adolescents.JAMA pediatrics · 2026Article
- DPP6 Loss Causes Age-Dependent Sleep Dysregulation and Depression-like Phenotypes Linked to Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Health Related Quality of Life and Sleep Regularity Among Middle-Aged to Older Adults From the Community.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Should Be Systematically Assessed in Individuals With Insomnia: A Population-Based Study Employing a Virtual Agent-Based Digital Tool.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Multidimensional association of sleep health with dietary habits and physical activity in adolescents.Sleep health · 2026Article
- Sex- and Ethnic Differences in the Cross-sectional Association Between Sleep Regularity and Obesity Among US Adults, NHANES 2011-2014.Journal of biological rhythms · 2026Article
- Dose-Response Relationship Between Sleep Regularity Index and Stage-Specific Alzheimer's Disease: Cross-Sectional Evidence from Japanese Adults.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sleep and activity patterns in autism.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
- Sleep regularity, circadian rhythms, and chronotype as mechanisms of risk for affective dysregulation in female adolescents.Development and psychopathology · 2026Article
- The Role of Sleep on Physical and Cognitive Performance of Ultra-Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesSleep regularity predicts many health-related outcomes. Currently, however, there is no systematic approach to measuring sleep regularity. Traditionally, metrics have assessed deviations in sleep patterns from an individual's average; these traditional metrics include intra-individual standard deviation (StDev), interdaily stability (IS), and social jet lag (SJL). Two metrics were recently proposed that instead measure variability between consecutive days: composite phase deviation (CPD) and sleep regularity index (SRI). Using large-scale simulations, we investigated the theoretical properties of these five metrics.
methodsMultiple sleep-wake patterns were systematically simulated, including variability in daily sleep timing and/or duration. Average estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for six scenarios that affect the measurement of sleep regularity: "scrambling" the order of days; daily vs. weekly variation; naps; awakenings; "all-nighters"; and length of study.
resultsSJL measured weekly but not daily changes. Scrambling did not affect StDev or IS, but did affect CPD and SRI; these metrics, therefore, measure sleep regularity on multi-day and day-to-day timescales, respectively. StDev and CPD did not capture sleep fragmentation. IS and SRI behaved similarly in response to naps and awakenings but differed markedly for all-nighters. StDev and IS required over a week of sleep-wake data for unbiased estimates, whereas CPD and SRI required larger sample sizes to detect group differences.
conclusionsDeciding which sleep regularity metric is most appropriate for a given study depends on a combination of the type of data gathered, the study length and sample size, and which aspects of sleep regularity are most pertinent to the research question.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.