ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Association between body mass index and subcortical brain volumes in bipolar disorders-ENIGMA study in 2735 individuals.
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Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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32citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Body mass index and regional brain N-acetylaspartate: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ¹H-MRS studies.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Pooled it
- Psychotropic medications and their interactions with subcortical brain volume in bipolar disorder: An ENIGMA mega-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Cross disorder comparisons of brain structure in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A review of ENIGMA findings.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2022Pooled it
- Neural Signatures of Bipolar Disorder and Psychotropic Medication Effects: A Multimodal Positron Emission Tomography-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.Biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Deciphering the causal influence of BMI and related metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular factors on brain structure: a Mendelian Randomization Study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The role of metabolic health in neurostructural and cognitive alterations in bipolar disorders.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Advancing Brain and Body Vascular Imaging in Bipolar Disorder: A Report From the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Vascular Task Force.Bipolar disorders · 2026Review
- The Role of the Complement C3-Hippocampus Pathway in Relation With Mood Symptoms in Offspring of Parents With Bipolar Disorder.Bipolar disorders · 2025Article
- Attention over vulnerable brain regions associating cerebral palsy disorder and biological markers.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Lifestyle, Early-life, and Genetic Health Risk Factors Underlying the Brain Age Gap: A Mega-Analysis Across 3,934 Individuals from the ENIGMA MDD Consortium.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The St. Göran Project: A Multipronged Strategy for Longitudinal Studies for Bipolar Disorders.Neuropsychobiology · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Inflammation Predict Cortical Decline in Bipolar Disorder and Ventricular Enlargement in Healthy Controls.Neuropsychobiology · 2025Article
- Alterations of subcortical structure volume in pediatric bipolar disorder patients with manic or depressive first-episode.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Introducing neurofilament light chain measure in psychiatry: current evidence, opportunities, and pitfalls.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Principal component analysis as an efficient method for capturing multivariate brain signatures of complex disorders-ENIGMA study in people with bipolar disorders and obesity.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Higher Seasonal Variation of Systemic Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The impact of body mass index on the clinical features of bipolar disorder: A STEP-BD study.Bipolar disorders · 2024Article
- Hippocampal subfield morphology from first episodes of bipolar disorder type II and major depressive disorder in a drug naïve Chinese cohort.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Genetic architectures of cerebral ventricles and their overlap with neuropsychiatric traits.Nature human behaviour · 2024Article
- Phenome-wide association studies betweenFrontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
73 authors at 20 institutions in 16 countries.
Sean R McWhinneyDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Christoph AbéDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-8480
Martin AldaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Francesco BenedettiVita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4949-856X
Erlend BøenUnit for Psychosomatics / CL Outpatient Clinic for Adults, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-2763
Caterina Del Mar BonninInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Tiana BorgersDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Katharina BroschDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Erick J Canales-RodríguezFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-2633
Dara M CannonCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-3411
Udo DannlowskiDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Ana M Díaz-ZuluagaResearch Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Torbjørn ElvsåshagenNorwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-1610
Lisa T EylerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Janice M FullertonNeuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4014-4490
Jose M GoikoleaInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Janik GoltermannDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-1002
Dominik GrotegerdDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Bartholomeus C M HaarmanDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Tim HahnDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Fleur M HowellsNeuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Martin IngvarDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Tilo T J KircherDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Axel KrugDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-2497
Rayus T KuplickiLaureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
Mikael LandénDepartment of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Hannah LemkeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Benny LibergDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Carlos Lopez-JaramilloResearch Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Ulrik F MaltUnit for Psychosomatics / CL Outpatient Clinic for Adults, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-2511
Fiona M MartynCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Elena MazzaVita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Colm McDonaldCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1661-5192
Genevieve McPhilemyCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Sandra MeierDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Susanne MeinertDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Tina MellerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Elisa M T MelloniVita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Philip B MitchellSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235
Leila NabulsiCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9448-7769
Igor NenadicDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Nils OpelDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Roel A OphoffUCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8287-6457
Bronwyn J OversNeuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7138-5556
Julia-Katharina PfarrDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Julian A Pineda-ZapataResearch Group, Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica, Ayudas diagnósticas SURA, Medellín, Colombia.
Edith Pomarol-ClotetFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
Joaquim RaduàDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jonathan ReppleDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Maike RichterDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Kai G RingwaldDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Gloria RobertsSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Raymond SalvadorFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
Jonathan SavitzLaureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-182X
Simon SchmittDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Peter R SchofieldNeuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-9662
Kang SimWest Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3209-9626
Dan J SteinNeuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810
Frederike SteinDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Henk S TemminghDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Katharina ThielDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Neeltje E M van HarenDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Holly Van GestelDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Cristian VargasResearch Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2621-2920
Eduard VietaInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Annabel VreekerDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Lena WaltemateDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-0534
Lakshmi N YathamUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Christopher R K ChingImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Ole AndreassenNorwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3568
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Tomas HajekDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. tomas.hajek@dal.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-8458
ENIGMA Bipolar Disorders Working Group
University of Münster · DEPhilipps University of Marburg · DEDalhousie University · CAOllscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway · IEKarolinska Institutet · SEUNSW Sydney · AUCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental · ESFidmag Sisters Hospitallers · ESOslo University Hospital · NOUniversidad de Antioquia · COUniversity of Cape Town · ZAVita-Salute San Raffaele University · ITUniversity of Southern California · USErasmus MC · NLErasmus University Rotterdam · NLInstituto Tecnológico Metropolitano · COKing's College London · GBLaureate Institute for Brain Research · USNational University of Singapore · SGNeuroscience Research Australia · AU
Funding
The Center for Neuroscience-based Mental Health Assessment and Prediction (NEUROMAP)P20GM121312 · NIGMS · LAUREATE INSTITUTE FOR BRAIN RESEARCH · PI Masaya Misaki · 2017 to 2026
$23.7MTraining U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MGenomic Studies of Bipolar Disorder in a Large Cohort from The NetherlandsR01MH090553 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI OPHOFF, ROEL A · 2010 to 2014
$6.0MTraining in the Multiscale and Multimodal Analysis of Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s DiseaseT32AG058507 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ARTHUR W TOGA · 2018 to 2026
$2.1MAcute modulation of neural circuitry regulating immune function in depressionR21MH113871 · NIMH · LAUREATE INSTITUTE FOR BRAIN RESEARCH · PI SAVITZ, JONATHAN · 2018 to 2019
$477kNIA NIH HHS T32 AG058507NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM121312NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH090553NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH113871
Abstract
Individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently suffer from obesity, which is often associated with neurostructural alterations. Yet, the effects of obesity on brain structure in BD are under-researched. We obtained MRI-derived brain subcortical volumes and body mass index (BMI) from 1134 BD and 1601 control individuals from 17 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the effects of BD and BMI on subcortical volumes using mixed-effects modeling and tested for mediation of group differences by obesity using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models controlled for age, sex, hemisphere, total intracranial volume, and data collection site. Relative to controls, individuals with BD had significantly higher BMI, larger lateral ventricular volume, and smaller volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus. BMI was positively associated with ventricular and amygdala and negatively with pallidal volumes. When analyzed jointly, both BD and BMI remained associated with volumes of lateral ventricles and amygdala. Adjusting for BMI decreased the BD vs control differences in ventricular volume. Specifically, 18.41% of the association between BD and ventricular volume was mediated by BMI (Z = 2.73, p = 0.006). BMI was associated with similar regional brain volumes as BD, including lateral ventricles, amygdala, and pallidum. Higher BMI may in part account for larger ventricles, one of the most replicated findings in BD. Comorbidity with obesity could explain why neurostructural alterations are more pronounced in some individuals with BD. Future prospective brain imaging studies should investigate whether obesity could be a modifiable risk factor for neuroprogression.
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Bipolar DisorderAmygdalaBody Mass IndexBrainHumansMagnetic Resonance Imaging
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