ArticlePloS one2021
Inadequate preparedness for response to COVID-19 is associated with stress and burnout among healthcare workers in Ghana.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06085105 (Caring for Providers to Improve Patient Experience), which is not on this map. Cited by 67 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Caring for Providers to Improve Patient Experience (CPIPE) Study: A Cluster Randomized-controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of the CPIPE Intervention on Person-centered Maternity Care
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Identifying the effective strategies in reducing the effects of mental health issues caused by COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare providers: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- Organizational interventions to support and promote the mental health of healthcare workers during pandemics and epidemics: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review: the dimensions to evaluate health care performance and an implication during the pandemic.BMC health services research · 2022Pooled it
- Psychological distress and Africentric coping strategies among nurses in Ghana: prevalence, correlates and predictors.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Sustaining Health Promotion and Education to Build Resilient Communities: Lessons from Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Mental health outcomes among U.S. healthcare workers before, during, and after the 2019 global respiratory pandemic: A population-based study.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Reflections on Healthcare Leadership in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Crisis Leadership Development and Implementation.Journal of healthcare leadership · 2026Article
- Healthcare workers' beliefs, practices and experiences regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting governance from preparedness and response plans in Faranah, Guinea.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- The experiences of doctors in Lesotho during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Perceived organizational support and self-efficacy as mediating factors between job burnout and emergency response competence among new nurses: a study based on emergency departments and intensive care units.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Burnout is a predictor of high ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease among health workers in Ghana.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of common respiratory viruses in children: insights from post-pandemic surveillance.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Exploring pandemic preparedness through public perception and its impact on health service quality, attitudes, and healthcare image.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The relationship between nurses' demographic work-related variables and emotional labor behavior on nurse burnout during the COVID 19 pandemic.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Factors shaping the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in Ghana.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Psychological stressors among faith-based health workers during Marburg virus outbreak in Ghana: A qualitative study.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Healthcare professionals' perceptions of system preparedness during public health emergencies: a path analysis of mental health impacts.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The relationship between safety measures, preparedness, and mental health outcomes in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional study on the mental health of healthcare workers treating COVID-19 positive patients in Gauteng, South Africa.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Experiences of Ghanaian frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare leadership recommendations.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has compounded the global crisis of stress and burnout among healthcare workers. But few studies have empirically examined the factors driving these outcomes in Africa. Our study examined associations between perceived preparedness to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare worker stress and burnout and identified potential mediating factors among healthcare workers in Ghana.
methodsHealthcare workers in Ghana completed a cross-sectional self-administered online survey from April to May 2020; 414 and 409 completed stress and burnout questions, respectively. Perceived preparedness, stress, and burnout were measured using validated psychosocial scales. We assessed associations using linear regressions with robust standard errors.
resultsThe average score for preparedness was 24 (SD = 8.8), 16.3 (SD = 5.9) for stress, and 37.4 (SD = 15.5) for burnout. In multivariate analysis, healthcare workers who felt somewhat prepared and prepared had lower stress (β = -1.89, 95% CI: -3.49 to -0.30 and β = -2.66, 95% CI: -4.48 to -0.84) and burnout (β = -7.74, 95% CI: -11.8 to -3.64 and β = -9.25, 95% CI: -14.1 to -4.41) scores than those who did not feel prepared. Appreciation from management and family support were associated with lower stress and burnout, while fear of infection was associated with higher stress and burnout. Fear of infection partially mediated the relationship between perceived preparedness and stress/burnout, accounting for about 16 to 17% of the effect.
conclusionsLow perceived preparedness to respond to COVID-19 increases stress and burnout, and this is partly through fear of infection. Interventions, incentives, and health systemic changes to increase healthcare workers' morale and capacity to respond to the pandemic are needed.
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