ArticlePloS one2021
Parental educational level and childhood wheezing and asthma: A prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond cigarettes: waterpipe tobacco use as a key driver of paediatric asthma in Jordan.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Comparison of Race-Neutral versus Race-Specific Spirometry Equations for Evaluation of Child Asthma.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- The adherence to asthma medication for hospitalized children with asthma: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Annals of thoracic medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe influence of mothers' and fathers' educational levels in separate evaluations of asthma has not been fully investigated. This study aims to examine the associations of the mother's and fathers' educational levels with childhood wheeze and asthma adjusting for crude and pre-and post-natal modifiable risk factors.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, which recruited pregnant women from 2011 to 2014. The mother's and father's educational levels were surveyed by a questionnaire during the pregnancy, and childhood wheezing and doctor-diagnosed asthma were estimated using a 3-year questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the mother's and father's educational levels and childhood wheezing and asthma, adjusted for pre-and post-natal factors.
resultsA total of 69,607 pairs of parents and their single infants were analyzed. We found 17.3% of children had wheezing and 7.7% had asthma. In crude analyses, lower educational level of parents was associated with an increased risk of childhood wheezing and asthma. After full adjustment, a lower educational level of mothers was associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma (junior high school (reference: high school); odds ratio (OR): 1.17, 95% CI, 1.01-1.36), and higher educational level, especially the mother's, was associated with an increased risk of childhood wheezing (technical junior college, technical/vocational college, or associate degree (ECD3); OR: 1.12, 95% CI, 1.06-1.18, bachelor's degree, or postgraduate degree; OR: 1.10, 95% CI, 1.03-1.18), and asthma (ECD3; OR: 1.13, 95% CI, 1.04-1.21).
conclusionsParents' lower educational level was a crude risk factor for childhood wheezing and asthma. However, an increased risk of wheezing due to mothers' higher educational level was found after adjusting for pre-and post-natal factors.
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