ArticlePloS one2021
Determinants of burnout and other aspects of psychological well-being in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A multinational cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 192 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
192 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 454 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Anxiety Linked to COVID-19: A Systematic Review Comparing Anxiety Rates in Different Populations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Burnout status of healthcare workers in the world during the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of providing end-of-life care during a pandemic on the mental health and wellbeing of health and social care staff: Systematic review and meta-synthesis.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Burnout Among Healthcare Workers During COVID-19.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Surviving the storm: A pragmatic non-randomised examination of a brief intervention for disaster-affected health and social care providers.Health & social care in the community · 2022Trial
- Examining the Moderating Role of Affective Commitment on the Influence of Job Satisfaction on Intent to Stay: Evidence from Healthcare Technical Staff.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 on Intensive Care Unit Personnel: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey Assessment Before, During, and After the First Peak.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of redeployment on healthcare staff well-being and retention: a survey of staff in the UK National Health Service.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Occupational stress and psychological wellbeing among critical care nurses in private hospitals in Somalia: a national cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Monitoring Redeployment-Associated Burnout in Healthcare Workers: A Real-Time Approach Using Ecological Momentary Assessment.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Observational
- Work experiences, burnout, and psychological distress of frontline health professionals during the COVID-19 omicron epidemic: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Southern China.Human resources for health · 2025Article
- Sex differences in psychological impact on healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Spatial analysis of depression and anxiety among frontline health workers during Nigeria's COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Organizational challenges persist, and new research directions emerge in the study of burnout in healthcare: Bibliometric analysis.Journal of public health research · 2025Review
- Improving the Mental Health of Nursing Staff Seen from the Perspective of Staff a Preliminary Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
132 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
31 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems and workers around the world. Such pressures may impact on working conditions, psychological wellbeing and perception of safety. In spite of this, no study has assessed the relationship between safety attitudes and psychological outcomes. Moreover, only limited studies have examined the relationship between personal characteristics and psychological outcomes during Covid-19. From 22nd March 2020 to 18th June 2020, healthcare workers from the United Kingdom, Poland, and Singapore were invited to participate using a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate safety culture, burnout and anxiety/depression. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of burnout, anxiety and depression. Of 3,537 healthcare workers who participated in the study, 2,364 (67%) screened positive for burnout, 701 (20%) for anxiety, and 389 (11%) for depression. Significant predictors of burnout included patient-facing roles: doctor (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.49-2.95), nurse (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04-1.84), and 'other clinical' (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.45-2.82); being redeployed (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.02-1.58), bottom quartile SAQ score (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.98-2.99), anxiety (OR 4.87; 95% CI 3.92-6.06) and depression (OR 4.06; 95% CI 3.04-5.42). Significant factors inversely correlated with burnout included being tested for SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51-0.82) and top quartile SAQ score (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.22-0.40). Significant factors associated with anxiety and depression, included burnout, gender, safety attitudes and job role. Our findings demonstrate a significant burden of burnout, anxiety, and depression amongst healthcare workers. A strong association was seen between SARS-CoV-2 testing, safety attitudes, gender, job role, redeployment and psychological state. These findings highlight the importance of targeted support services for at risk groups and proactive SARS-CoV-2 testing of healthcare workers.
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