ReviewAnnals of medicine2021
The gut-brain axis and Parkinson disease: clinical and pathogenetic relevance.
Review in Annals of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alterations of Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Pooled it
- Frailty and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- A large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis reveals shared genetic architecture between Alzheimer's disease and gastrointestinal tract disorders.Communications biology · 2022Pooled it
- Pilot Clinical Trial of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Constipation in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Trial
- Gastric-Selective Associations of Caudate Functional Connectivity with Gastrointestinal Rhythms in Parkinson's Disease: A Resting-State fMRI and Electrogastroenterography Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Rewiring Lipid Metabolism: PINK1 as a Central Regulator of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting the Human Gut Microbiota-Between Conventional Therapy and Precision Genetic Engineering.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Exercise-Mediated Regulation of the Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson's Disease.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Safety and efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Galectin-3 as a Key Driver of Neuroinflammation and α-Synuclein Aggregation in Parkinson's Disease: Unlocking New Paths for Biomarkers and Therapies.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Mycotoxins, gut microbiota alterations and liver disease in animals: A scoping review.Cell biology and toxicology · 2026Review
- Neuroprotection in Parkinson Disease.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Gut-brain nexus: Mapping multimodal links to neurodegeneration at biobank scale.Science advances · 2025Article
- Bradykinesia and postural instability in a model of prodromal synucleinopathy with α-synuclein aggregation initiated in the gigantocellular nuclei.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteins Impact Penetrance in aInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Modulation of Intestinal Inflammation and Protection of Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson's Disease Mice through a Probiotic Formulation Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Sulfate reducing bacteria induce α-synuclein in intestinal and neuronal cells and tissues and inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase in neuronal cells.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Therapeutic exploration potential of adenosine receptor antagonists through pharmacophore ligand-based modelling and pharmacokinetics studies against Parkinson disease.In silico pharmacology · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective effect of Bacillus subtilis in haloperidol induced rat model, targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Journal of molecular histology · 2024Article
- Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Parkinson's Disease.Cureus · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Gastrointestinal disorders are one of the most significant non-motor problems affecting people with Parkinson disease (PD). Pathogenetically, the gastrointestinal tract has been proposed to be the initial site of pathological changes in PD. Intestinal inflammation and alterations in the gut microbiota may contribute to initiation and progression of pathology in PD. However, the mechanisms underlying this "gut-brain" axis in PD remain unclear. PD patients can display a large variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, leading to reduced quality of life and psychological distress. Gastrointestinal disorders can also limit patients' response to medications, and consequently negatively impact on neurological outcomes. Despite an increasing research focus, gastrointestinal disorders in PD remain poorly understood and their clinical management often suboptimal. This review summarises our understanding of the relevance of the "gut-brain" axis to the pathogenesis of PD, discusses the impact of gastrointestinal disorders in patients with PD, and provides clinicians with practical guidance to their management.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.