ArticleJGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology2021
Probiotics for Parkinson's disease: Current evidence and future directions.
Article in JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis and treatment of autonomic failure, pain and sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease: guideline "Parkinson's disease" of the German Society of Neurology.Journal of neurology · 2025Guideline
- Comparative efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for Parkinson's disease with constipation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of aging on animal models of Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Randomized controlled trial evaluating synbiotic supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Co-administration of probiotics and vitamin D reduced disease severity and complications in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Common features in the gut microbiota of underweight and overweight individuals and patients with Parkinson's disease - a mini-review.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Five-Year Follow-Up of Photobiomodulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series Exploring Clinical Stability and Microbiome Modulation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Kynurenine pathway in Parkinson's disease: pathophysiological roles and therapeutic interventions.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Diet, gut microbiota, and the gut-brain axis: mechanistic interactions and therapeutic implications in neuropsychiatric disorders.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Micro- and nanoplastics as environmental modifiers of neuroimmune dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Dopamine and the Gut Microbiota: Interactions Within the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Gut-Brain Axis: The Role of Gastrointestinal Issues in Parkinson's Disease.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiome as a Source of Probiotic Drugs for Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The role of microbiota dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease: Pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities.Engineering microbiology · 2025Review
- Exploring Innovative Approaches for Managing Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review of Promising Probiotics and Postbiotics.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Enhanced catalytic stability for L-Dopa synthesis through cross-linking of Al₂O₃ nanocrystals with Bacillus subtilis tyrosine hydroxylase.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of levodopa metabolism to dopamine by honokiol short-chain fatty acid derivatives may enhance therapeutic efficacy in Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis and treatments of Parkinson's disease.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: a new frontier in understanding neurological health.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a hot topic in Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been postulated that gut pathogens and dysbiosis can contribute to peripheral inflammatory states or trigger downstream metabolic effects that exacerbate the neurodegenerative process in PD. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated disrupted intestinal permeability, intestinal inflammation, altered gut microbiome, and reduced fecal short-chain fatty acids in PD. In this regard, microbial-directed therapies such as probiotics are emerging as potential therapeutic options. Probiotic supplementation is postulated to confer a variety of health benefits due to the diverse functions of these live microorganisms, including inhibition of pathogen colonization, modulation/"normalization" of the microbiome and/or its function, immunomodulatory effects (e.g. reducing inflammation), and improved host epithelial barrier function. Interestingly, several PD animal model studies have demonstrated the potential neuroprotective effects of probiotics in reducing dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. Notably, two randomized placebo-controlled trials have provided class I evidence for probiotics as a treatment for constipation in PD. However, the effects of probiotics on other PD aspects, such as motor disability and cognitive function, and its long-term efficacy (including effects on PD drug absorption in the gut) have not been investigated adequately. Further targeted animal and human studies are also warranted to understand the mechanisms of actions of probiotics in PD and to tailor probiotic therapy based on individual host profiles to improve patient outcomes in this disabling disorder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.