Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33859942›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2021

Optimizing the Treatment Schedule of Radiotherapy Combined With Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy in Metastatic Cancers.

Yuehong Kong, Yifu Ma, Xiangrong Zhao, Jie Pan, Zhi Xu, Liyuan Zhang

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05435768 (PhaseⅠ-Ⅱ Clinical Study of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Combined With PD-1 Inhibitor Sequential GM-CSF), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05435768 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

PhaseⅠ-Ⅱ Clinical Study of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Combined With PD-1 Inhibitor Sequential GM-CSF(PraG) With RANKL Inhibitor for the Treatment of Advanced Multiple Metastatic Solid Tumors

TypeobservationalSponsorSecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityRan2022 to 2025Enrolled51ConditionsMetastatic Solid TumorArmsDenosumab
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  12. Unmasking a Paradox: Roles of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Yuehong KongDepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Yifu MaDepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Xiangrong ZhaoDepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Jie PanDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Zhi XuDepartment of Medical Affairs, ICON Plc, Beijing, China.
Liyuan ZhangDepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Soochow University · CNSecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have been approved for a variety of malignant tumors and are widely used to treat patients with metastatic disease. However, the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors is limited due to tumor heterogeneity, high tumor burden, and "cold" tumor microenvironment. Radiotherapy can improve the anti-tumor effects of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in various ways. As a new radiotherapy method, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) or hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) provides higher doses per fraction to the target lesions, thus achieving immune activation effects and overcoming tumor resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, which significantly improves the local and distant control of tumors. However, for different metastatic situations, radiotherapy plays different roles in the combination therapy. In oligometastatic status, radiotherapy can be used as a local radical treatment aiming to eliminate cancers in cooperation with systemic PD-1 inhibitors. In other circumstances, like bulky metastasis or multiple metastatic tumors, radiotherapy can be used as adjuvant to systemic immunotherapy. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms and optimization strategies for the combination of radiotherapy and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in metastatic disease.

Indexed as

biological response modifiersin-situ tumor vaccinationmetastatic cancerPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitorradiotherapy

Identifiers

PMID33859942
PMCPMC8042160
OpenAlexW3148508870

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.