ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Repurposing Ivermectin for COVID-19: Molecular Aspects and Therapeutic Possibilities.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Ivermectin Effective in Treating COVID-19?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Ivermectin for Critically and Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (REMAP-CAP).Critical care medicine · 2026Trial
- Article
- Therapeutic and Formulation Advances of Ivermectin in Veterinary and Human Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Membrane Perturbations and Assay Interferences by Ivermectin Explain Its In Vitro SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Activities and Lack of Translatability.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Ivermectin's neuroprotective effects decrease with prolonged use after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- How does the Immunological System Change during the SARS-COV-2 Attack? A Clue for the New Immunotherapy Discovery.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells in COVID-19: Role of cholesterol, calcium, and phosphate.Journal of cellular physiology · 2024Review
- Structure-guided affinity maturation of a novel human antibody targeting the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Safety profile of COVID-19 drugs in a real clinical setting.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern including Omicron: A never ending pandemic.Chemical biology & drug design · 2022Review
- Ivermectin administration is associated with lower gastrointestinal complications and greater ventilator-free days in ventilated patients with COVID-19: A propensity score analysis.Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease Mitigation: Treatment Options, Vaccinations and Variants.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Repositioning Ivermectin for Covid-19 treatment: Molecular mechanisms of action against SARS-CoV-2 replication.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2022Review
- The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Health Crisis Managed or a Panic Response with Disastrous Future Consequences?Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2022Review
- Broadening the spectrum of ivermectin: Its effect onFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- N-Acetylcysteine and Other Sulfur-Donors as a Preventative and Adjunct Therapy for COVID-19.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2022Review
- Perspective: repurposed drugs for COVID-19.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2022Article
- The effect ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Repurposing of Chemotherapeutics to Combat COVID-19.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As of January 2021, SARS-CoV-2 has killed over 2 million individuals across the world. As such, there is an urgent need for vaccines and therapeutics to reduce the burden of COVID-19. Several vaccines, including mRNA, vector-based vaccines, and inactivated vaccines, have been approved for emergency use in various countries. However, the slow roll-out of vaccines and insufficient global supply remains a challenge to turn the tide of the pandemic. Moreover, vaccines are important tools for preventing the disease but therapeutic tools to treat patients are also needed. As such, since the beginning of the pandemic, repurposed FDA-approved drugs have been sought as potential therapeutic options for COVID-19 due to their known safety profiles and potential anti-viral effects. One of these drugs is ivermectin (IVM), an antiparasitic drug created in the 1970s. IVM later exerted antiviral activity against various viruses including SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we delineate the story of how this antiparasitic drug was eventually identified as a potential treatment option for COVID-19. We review SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle, the role of the nucleocapsid protein, the turning points in past research that provided initial 'hints' for IVM's antiviral activity and its molecular mechanism of action- and finally, we culminate with the current clinical findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.