Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33859641›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021

Splenic Nerve Neuromodulation Reduces Inflammation and Promotes Resolution in Chronically Implanted Pigs.

David M Sokal, Alex McSloy, Matteo Donegà, Joseph Kirk, Romain A Colas, Nikola Dolezalova, Esteban A Gomez, Isha Gupta, Cathrine T Fjordbakk, Sebastien Ouchouche and 10 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Multifunctional bioelectronics for brain-body circuits.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2025
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  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
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  13. Spatio-temporal feature extraction in sensory electroneurographic signals.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2022
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Human-relevant near-organ neuromodulation of the immune system via the splenic nerve.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021
    Article
  18. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

David M SokalTranslation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
Alex McSloyClinical Science & Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
Matteo DonegàTranslation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
Joseph KirkClinical Science & Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
Romain A ColasCentre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Nikola DolezalovaDepartment of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Esteban A GomezCentre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Isha GuptaTranslation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
Cathrine T FjordbakkClinical Science & Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
Sebastien OuchoucheTranslation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
Paul B MatteucciTranslation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
Kristina SchlegelTranslation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
Rizwan BashirullahTranslation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
Dirk WerlingDepartment of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
Kim HarmanClinical Science & Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
Alison RowlesNon-Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, United Kingdom.
Refet Firat YaziciogluTranslation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
Jesmond DalliCentre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Daniel J ChewTranslation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
Justin D PerkinsClinical Science & Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
Royal Veterinary College · GBQueen Mary University of London · GBGlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom) · GBUniversity of Cambridge · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuromodulation of the immune system has been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. We recently demonstrated that stimulation of near-organ autonomic nerves to the spleen can be harnessed to modulate the inflammatory response in an anesthetized pig model. The development of neuromodulation therapy for the clinic requires chronic efficacy and safety testing in a large animal model. This manuscript describes the effects of longitudinal conscious splenic nerve neuromodulation in chronically-implanted pigs. Firstly, clinically-relevant stimulation parameters were refined to efficiently activate the splenic nerve while reducing changes in cardiovascular parameters. Subsequently, pigs were implanted with a circumferential cuff electrode around the splenic neurovascular bundle connected to an implantable pulse generator, using a minimally-invasive laparoscopic procedure. Tolerability of stimulation was demonstrated in freely-behaving pigs using the refined stimulation parameters. Longitudinal stimulation significantly reduced circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha levels induced by systemic endotoxemia. This effect was accompanied by reduced peripheral monocytopenia as well as a lower systemic accumulation of CD16

Indexed as

AnimalsDisease Models, AnimalElectric Stimulation TherapyElectrodes, ImplantedEndotoxemiaFemaleInflammationNeuroimmunomodulationSplanchnic NervesSpleenSus scrofaautonomic nervous systembioelectronic medicineendotoxemiainflammationneuromodulationspecialized pro resolving mediatorssplenic nervestimulation

Identifiers

PMID33859641
PMCPMC8043071
OpenAlexW3142030611

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.