Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33859260›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats.

Michael S Totty, Naomi Warren, Isabella Huddleston, Karthik R Ramanathan, Reed L Ressler, Cecily R Oleksiak, Stephen Maren

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
9.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Tail-rattling in rodents: more than a threat display.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Michael S TottyDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr., College Station, TX, 77843-3474, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9292-8556
Naomi WarrenDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr., College Station, TX, 77843-3474, USA.
Isabella HuddlestonDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr., College Station, TX, 77843-3474, USA.
Karthik R RamanathanDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr., College Station, TX, 77843-3474, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8843-3665
Reed L ResslerDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr., College Station, TX, 77843-3474, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0514-8269
Cecily R OleksiakDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr., College Station, TX, 77843-3474, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5363-3467
Stephen MarenDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr., College Station, TX, 77843-3474, USA. maren@tamu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-9342-7411
Texas A&M University · US

Funding

Neural Substrates of Contextual Memory in Fear ExtinctionR01MH065961 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MAREN, STEPHEN · 2003 to 2025
$7.9M
Neural Circuits for Stress-Impaired Extinction LearningR01MH117852 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI Stephen Maren · 2018 to 2026
$4.6M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065961NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117852
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Environmental contexts can inform animals of potential threats, though it is currently unknown how context biases the selection of defensive behavior. Here we investigated context-dependent flight responses with a Pavlovian serial-compound stimulus (SCS) paradigm that evokes freeze-to-flight transitions. Similar to previous work in mice, we show that male and female rats display context-dependent flight-like behavior in the SCS paradigm. Flight behavior was dependent on contextual fear insofar as it was only evoked in a shock-associated context and was reduced in the conditioning context after context extinction. Flight behavior was only expressed to white noise regardless of temporal order within the compound. Nonetheless, rats that received unpaired SCS trials did not show flight-like behavior to the SCS, indicating it is associative. Finally, we show that pharmacological inactivation of two brain regions critical to the expression of contextual fear, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), attenuates both contextual fear and flight responses. All of these effects were similar in male and female rats. This work demonstrates that contextual fear can summate with cued and innate fear to drive a high fear state and transition from post-encounter to circa-strike defensive modes.

Indexed as

Conditioning, ClassicalEscape ReactionAcoustic StimulationAmygdalaAnimalsBehavior, AnimalBrainCuesFearFemaleMaleMuscimolRatsRats, Long-EvansSeptal NucleiMuscimol

Identifiers

PMID33859260
PMCPMC8050069
OpenAlexW3153122976

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.