ReviewMolecular cancer2021
mRNA therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Molecular cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 222 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
222 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 363 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances on coxsackievirus A6 vaccine research.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Multifaceted roles of chemokines in gastric cancer: From tumor microenvironment modulation to therapeutic targeting (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Timing-Dependent Immunostimulatory Activity of Human IFN-β mRNA in Primary Human Myeloid Cells.Vaccines · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines as Antigen-Agnostic Immunomodulators: A Repurposing Perspective.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From nucleotides to intact transcripts through oligonucleotides: Integrated chromatographic strategies for therapeutic mRNA characterization.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Review
- Advancing Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry for Characterizing Large, Intact mRNA Constructs.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- The Dendritic Cell-based Vaccine PROTEXI leverages Antiviral CD4 T cell Memory to boost anti-tumor immune responses in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Personalized cancer vaccines: bridging immune-oncology and precision medicine for advanced therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- A ubiquitinated E2-based mRNA vaccine confers complete protection against lethal challenge with classical swine fever virus.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Endocytosis-independent cytosolic entry of messenger RNA via fluorous bilayer zippering attenuating Toll-like receptor signaling and enables ischemic tissue salvage.Smart molecules : open access · 2026Article
- Dendritic cell vaccines: Current research progress, challenges, and opportunities.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Biomaterial-based strategies targeting ferroptosis for alleviating intervertebral disc degeneration: Advances and perspectives.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Direct LC-HRMS/MS characterisation and RT-qPCR detection for potential mRNA-based doping agent.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Influence of protein aggregates, extracellular vesicles, and lipoprotein fusion on ionizable lipid nanoparticles protein corona analysis.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Endogenous targeting lipid nanoparticles for systemic mRNA delivery to lung cancer tumors.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Muscle-targeting LNP vaccines enable potent immune responses against varicella zoster virus.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Beyond the Sequence: Chemical and Topological Design and Innovations in mRNA Therapeutics.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- mRNA-based melanoma vaccines targeting gp100 and TRP2 macromolecules.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Cancer neuroscience: signaling pathways and new therapeutic strategies for cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Innovative combinatory approaches with dendritic cell-based vaccines: bridging preclinical insights and clinical challenges.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
162 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Synthetic mRNA provides a template for the synthesis of any given protein, protein fragment or peptide and lends itself to a broad range of pharmaceutical applications, including different modalities of cancer immunotherapy. With the ease of rapid, large scale Good Manufacturing Practice-grade mRNA production, mRNA is ideally poised not only for off-the shelf cancer vaccines but also for personalized neoantigen vaccination. The ability to stimulate pattern recognition receptors and thus an anti-viral type of innate immune response equips mRNA-based vaccines with inherent adjuvanticity. Nucleoside modification and elimination of double-stranded RNA can reduce the immunomodulatory activity of mRNA and increase and prolong protein production. In combination with nanoparticle-based formulations that increase transfection efficiency and facilitate lymphatic system targeting, nucleoside-modified mRNA enables efficient delivery of cytokines, costimulatory receptors, or therapeutic antibodies. Steady but transient production of the encoded bioactive molecule from the mRNA template can improve the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety properties as compared to the respective recombinant proteins. This may be harnessed for applications that benefit from a higher level of expression control, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified adoptive T-cell therapies. This review highlights the advancements in the field of mRNA-based cancer therapeutics, providing insights into key preclinical developments and the evolving clinical landscape.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.