ReviewJournal of neurotrauma2021
Phenotyping the Spectrum of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review and Pathway to Standardization.
Review in Journal of neurotrauma, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Towards an understanding of disturbed sleep phenotypes after traumatic spinal cord injury.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Observational
- Management and Prognosis of Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Phenotype discovery of traumatic brain injury segmentations from heterogeneous multi-site data.Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering · 2026Article
- Recommendations for ventriculostomy and cisternostomy in TBI management: Results of the WFNS-Neurotraumatology committee "Cusco consensus".Brain & spine · 2026Article
- Article
- Hollow CuS nanocubes enhance serum metabolic profiles for rapid diagnosis and severity grading of traumatic brain injury.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Dementia: Mechanisms, Risk Stratification, and Clinical Management.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- Machine Learning Reveals Demographic Disparities in Palliative Care Timing Among Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury Receiving Neurosurgical Consultation.Neurocritical care · 2025Article
- Distinct clinical phenotypes and their neuroanatomic correlates in chronic traumatic brain injury.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Cognitive and neurobehavioral phenotypes of post 9/11 veterans with epilepsy and mild traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Distinct clinical phenotypes and their neuroanatomic correlates in chronic traumatic brain injury.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Commentary on Boswellia and Ginger for Memory Dysfunction in Mild TBI.Bulletin of emergency and trauma · 2025Article
- Distinct comorbidity phenotypes among post-9/11 Veterans with epilepsy are linked to diverging outcomes and mortality risks.Epilepsia · 2025Article
- From acute injury to chronic comorbidity: Interrupted time series modeling of traumatic brain injury impact among post-9/11 veterans.PloS one · 2025Article
- Potential Applications and Ethical Considerations for Artificial Intelligence in Traumatic Brain Injury Management.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Bridging big data in the ENIGMA consortium to combine non-equivalent cognitive measures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Discovery of generalizable TBI phenotypes using multivariate time-series clustering.Computers in biology and medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Advances in Neurorehabilitation: Strategies and Outcomes for Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery.Cureus · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
It is widely appreciated that the spectrum of traumatic brain injury (TBI), mild through severe, contains distinct clinical presentations, variably referred to as subtypes, phenotypes, and/or clinical profiles. As part of the Brain Trauma Blueprint TBI State of the Science, we review the current literature on TBI phenotyping with an emphasis on unsupervised methodological approaches, and describe five phenotypes that appear similar across reports. However, we also find the literature contains divergent analysis strategies, inclusion criteria, findings, and use of terms. Further, whereas some studies delineate phenotypes within a specific severity of TBI, others derive phenotypes across the full spectrum of severity. Together, these facts confound direct synthesis of the findings. To overcome this, we introduce PhenoBench, a freely available code repository for the standardization and evaluation of raw phenotyping data. With this review and toolset, we provide a pathway toward robust, data-driven phenotypes that can capture the heterogeneity of TBI, enabling reproducible insights and targeted care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.