ArticleNeuroImage. Clinical2021
Sex differences in brain aging among adults with family history of Alzheimer's disease and APOE4 genetic risk.
Article in NeuroImage. Clinical, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aging beyond diagnosis: the MRI brain age gap across disorders.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Reproductive history differentially shapes the neural response of middle-aged hAPOEɛ4 female rats to estradiol therapy after a metabolic challenge.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- A roadmap for conducting more inclusive research on brain resilience in ageing and dementia.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- The PREVENT-AD cohort: Accelerating Alzheimer's disease research and treatment in Canada and beyond.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Current challenges and future directions for brain age prediction in children and adolescents.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Technology readiness among UK-based cognitively unaffected older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: potential implications for decentralised alzheimer's disease prevention trials.BMC geriatrics · 2025Observational
- Prevalence, deaths and disability-adjusted life years due to Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in Middle East and North Africa, 1990-2021.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Self-guided Knowledge-Injected Graph Neural Network for Alzheimer's Diseases.Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention : MICCAI ... International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention · 2024Article
- Sex-Dependent Effects of Cardiometabolic Health andNeurology · 2024Article
- ERRα and ERRγ coordinate expression of genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, inhibitingProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- FreeSurfer version-shuffling can enhance brain age predictions.Neuroimage. Reports · 2024Article
- Associations of plasma proteomics and age-related outcomes with brain age in a diverse cohort.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Microglia undergo sex-dimorphic transcriptional and metabolic rewiring during aging.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact of sex and APOE-Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Effect of sex on the APOE4-aging interaction in the white matter microstructure of cognitively normal older adults using diffusion-tensor MRI with orthogonal-tensor decomposition (DT-DOME).Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Association of Alcohol Consumption with Cognition in Older Population: The A4 Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Review
- Effects of non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer's disease on intracortical myelin content.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2022Article
- Tract-specific differences in white matter microstructure between young adultNeuroimage. Reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk factors may differentially contribute to disease trajectory in women than men. Determining the effect of AD risk factors on brain aging in women, compared to men, is critical for understanding whether there are sex differences in the pathways towards AD in cognitively intact but at-risk adults. Brain Age Gap (BAG) is a concept used increasingly as a measure of brain health; BAG is defined as the difference between predicted age (based on structural MRI) and chronological age, with negative values reflecting preserved brain health with age. Using BAG, we investigated whether there were sex differences in the brain effects of AD risk factors (i.e., family history of AD, and carrying an apolipoprotein E ε4 allele [+APOE4]) in cognitively intact adults, and if this relationship was moderated by modifiable factors (i.e. body mass index [BMI], blood pressure and physical activity). We undertook a cross-sectional study of structural MRIs from 1067 cognitively normal adults across four neuroimaging datasets. An elastic net regression model found that women with a family history of AD and +APOE4 genotype had more advanced brain aging than their male counterparts. In a sub-cohort of women with those risk factors, higher BMI was associated with less brain aging whereas lower BMI was not. In a sub-cohort of women and men with +APOE4, engaging in physical activity was more beneficial to men's brain aging than women's. Our results demonstrate that AD risk factors are associated with greater brain aging in women than men, although there may be more unexplored modifiable factors that influence this relationship. These findings suggest that the complex interplay between unmodifiable and modifiable AD risk factors can potentially protect against brain aging in women and men.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.