ArticleAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2021
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes in CKD: Findings From the CRIC Study.
Article in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Finerenone Improves Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction Irrespective of Age: A Prespecified Analysis of FINEARTS-HF.Circulation. Heart failure · 2024Trial
- Effects of Dapagliflozin in Chronic Kidney Disease Across the Spectrum of Age and by Sex.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Trial
- Mortality trends and demographics due to hypertensive nephrosclerosis in older adults from 1999-2020.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Article
- Frailty and incident cognitive impairment in patients with CKD: sex-frailty paradox in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC).GeroScience · 2026Article
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- Sex Differences in Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Nondialysis CKD.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- Addressing Unmet Needs in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Chronic kidney disease and cardiac remodeling potentiate cognitive impairment progression: disentangling the sex-specific cross talk of kidney-heart-brain axis.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Article
- The mortality of chronic kidney disease in Chinese subjects: a 12-year cohort based on clinical data in electronic health record.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- The albumin-to-creatinine ratio predicts and explores potential mediation of mortality in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in U.S. adults: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Diseases and Vascular Function in Chronic Kidney Disease.Cardiology clinics · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimates in the US CKD Population Using the PREVENT Equation.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2025Article
- The role of sex differences in cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune functions in health and disease: a review for "Sex Differences in Health Awareness Day".Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Sex Differences in Ambulatory Central Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Hemodialysis Patients.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Optimising Access to Care for Patients with Heart and Kidney Diseases: A World Heart Federation and International Society of Nephrology White Paper.Global heart · 2025Review
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: 30-Year US Trends and Mortality Risks-Brief Report.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Changes in Cardiac Function and Electrophysiology During Progression of Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Mice.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Cardiac Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Nonproteinuric CKD.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
RATIONALE &
objectiveCardiovascular events are less common in women than men in general populations; however, studies in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are less conclusive. We evaluated sex-related differences in cardiovascular events and death in adults with CKD. STUDY
designProspective cohort study. SETTING &
participants1,778 women and 2,161 men enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC). EXPOSURE: Sex (women vs men). OUTCOME: Atherosclerotic composite outcome (myocardial infarction, stroke, or peripheral artery disease), incident heart failure, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death. ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Cox proportional hazards regression.
resultsDuring a median follow-up period of 9.6 years, we observed 698 atherosclerotic events (women, 264; men, 434), 762 heart failure events (women, 331; men, 431), 435 cardiovascular deaths (women, 163; men, 274), and 1,158 deaths from any cause (women, 449; men, 709). In analyses adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and metabolic parameters, women had a lower risk of atherosclerotic events (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.57-0.88]), heart failure (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.62-0.93]), cardiovascular death (HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.42-0.72]), and death from any cause (HR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.49-0.69]) compared with men. These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for cardiac and inflammation biomarkers. LIMITATIONS: Assessment of sex hormones, which may play a role in cardiovascular risk, was not included.
conclusionsIn a large, diverse cohort of adults with CKD, compared with men, women had lower risks of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and mortality from any cause. These differences were not explained by measured cardiovascular risk factors.
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