ArticlePloS one2021
The economic burden of cervical cancer in Eswatini: Societal perspective.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and durability of immediate versus delayed single-dose HPV vaccination for persistent infection among young women in Kenya: a randomized, blinded, cross-over clinical trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- A new model for cervical cancer screening in Cambodian garment workers.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Effects of nanosilymarin and conditioned medium of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on peripheral blood mononuclear cells co-cultured with HeLa cells.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Cost analysis of hospital-based symptomatic uterine fibroids in the kingdom of Eswatini: A prevalence-based cost-of-illness study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Exploring the complexity of the implementation determinants of human papillomavirus vaccination in Africa through a systems thinking lens: A rapid review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Cost Analysis Related to Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Cervical Cancer in Antigua and Barbuda: A Prevalence-Based Cost-of-Illness Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- The economic burden of cervical cancer on women in Uganda: Findings from a cross-sectional study conducted at two public cervical cancer clinics.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of single-visit cervical cancer screening in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a model-based analysis accounting for the HIV epidemic.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Body mass index and cervical cancer screening among women aged 15-69 years in Eswatini: evidence from a population-based survey.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Barriers and facilitators to effective cervical cancer screening in Belize: a qualitative analysis.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Article
- Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Human Papillomavirus Vaccines for Preadolescent Girls in Mozambique: A Modelling Study.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Economic Burden of Cervical Cancer in Bulgaria.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Epidemiological/Disease and Economic Burdens of Cervical Cancer in 2010-2014: Are Younger Women at Risk?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association of interleukin-10Open life sciences · 2023Article
- Prediction of Productivity Costs Related to Cervical Cancer Mortality in Indonesia 2018.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2022Article
- Targeting elimination of cervical cancer by 2030: a baseline assessment in six African countries-part II.Ecancermedicalscience · 2022Article
- The Socioeconomic Impact of Cervical Cancer on Patients in Ethiopia: Evidence from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.Cancer management and research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCervical cancer imposes considerable economic burden on societies and individuals. There is lack of evidence regarding this from the developing world and particularly from sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the study aimed to estimate the societal costs of cervical cancer in Eswatini. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe cost of illness study (CoI) was applied using national specific clinical and registry data from hospitals, registries and reports to determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer in Eswatini in 2018. Cost data included direct medical costs (health care utilization in inpatient and outpatient care), direct non-medical costs (patient costs for traveling) and indirect costs based on productivity loss due to morbidity (patient time during diagnosis and treatment) and premature mortality.
resultsThe estimated total annual cost for cervical cancer was $19 million (ranging between $14 million and $24 million estimated with lower and upper bounds). Direct cost represented the majority of the costs at 72% ($13.7 million) out of which total pre-cancerous treatment costs accounted for 0.7% ($94,161). The management of invasive cervical cancer was the main cost driver with costs attributable to treatment for FIGO III and FIGO IV representing $1.7 million and $8.7 million respectively. Indirect costs contributed 27% ($5.3 million) out of which productivity loss due to premature mortality represented the majority at 67% ($3.5 million).
conclusionThe economic burden of cervical cancer in Eswatini is substantial. National public health prevention strategies with prophylactic HPV vaccine and screening for cervical lesions should therefore be prioritized to limit the extensive costs associated with cervical cancer.
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