ArticlePloS one2021
Prevalence and predictors of work-related depression, anxiety, and stress among waiters: A cross-sectional study in upscale restaurants.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender differences in the prevalence of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and social determinants of anxiety and depressive disorders and symptoms among adults in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Review
- Prevalence of depressive symptoms among teachers in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2026Article
- Occupational factors and mental health outcomes among professional food handlers: A scoping review protocol.F1000Research · 2024Article
- Hotel building design, occupants' health and performance in response to COVID 19.International journal of hospitality management · 2022Article
- Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among adults in Ghana: A community-based cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPoor mental health often interrupts people's regular activities making them unable to work effectively resulting in poor performance and high turnover intention. We examined the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and stress among waiters in upscale restaurants.
methodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study involved 384 waiters in upscale restaurants in the Accra Metropolis. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire which embedded DASS-21 (Cronbach Alpha = 0.815). The analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics using STATA 15. Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05 at 95% confidence interval.
resultsThe prevalence of depression was 38.3%, while anxiety and stress were 52.3% and 34.4% respectively. Females (AOR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.02-2.79), waiters who foresee a better remuneration (AOR = 3.09, 95%CI = 1.95-4.87), consume caffeine (AOR = 1.44, 95%CI = 0.90-2.32), and use non-prescription drugs (AOR = 2.22, 95%CI = 1.39-3.55) were more likely to have depression. Females (AOR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.17-2.96), those who foresee better remuneration (AOR = 2.85, 95%CI = 1.82-4.49), and those who use non-prescription drugs (AOR = 2.13, 95%CI = 1.38-3.28) were more likely to have anxiety. Females (AOR = 1.74, 95%CI = 1.01-2.99), waiters who are positive of career success (AOR = 1.70, 95%CI = 0.99-2.91), who foresee better remuneration (AOR = 2.99, 95%CI = 1.85-4.83), consume caffeine (AOR = 1.54, 95%CI = 0.93-2.54), and who use non-prescription drugs (AOR = 3.16, 95%CI = 1.93-5.17) were more likely to be stressed.
conclusionThere is a high prevalence of poor mental health among waiters. Urgent intervention by hospitality stakeholders is needed to improve their working conditions and psychosocial health to accelerate progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal of promoting mental health and wellbeing.
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