ArticlePediatric radiology2021
Prognostic value of the nutmeg lung pattern/lymphangiectasia on fetal magnetic resonance imaging.
Article in Pediatric radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Nutmeg Lung Pattern in a Fetus with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Turner Syndrome.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Fetal Diagnosis of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome With Restrictive Atrial Septum-Atrial Septal Morphology, Associated Lung Disease and Outcomes.Prenatal diagnosis · 2026Article
- Familial Prenatal Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage: Genetic Implications and Multimodal Echocardiographic and MRI Assessment.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- Fetal magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangiectasia in hypoplastic left heart syndrome: Association with fetal echocardiography and postnatal outcome.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2025Article
- Sequential MRI Evaluation of Lymphatic Abnormalities over the Course of Fontan Completion.Radiology. Cardiothoracic imaging · 2024Article
- Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease: The Crucial Role of Perinatal and Delivery Planning.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Review
- Medium-term Outcome of Prenatally Diagnosed Hypoplastic Left-Heart Syndrome and Impact of a Restrictive Atrial Septum Diagnosed in-utero.Pediatric cardiology · 2023Article
- Lymphatic anomalies in congenital heart disease.Pediatric radiology · 2022Review
- 3D Approaches in Complex CHD: Where Are We? Funny Printing and Beautiful Images, or a Useful Tool?Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Review
- Contribution of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses with congenital heart disease.Pediatric radiology · 2022Article
- Plastic Bronchitis-A Serious Rare Complication Affecting Children Only after Fontan Procedure?Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA nutmeg lung pattern on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging finding associated with pulmonary lymphangiectasia. However, the prognostic value of the nutmeg lung pattern is unknown.
objectiveTo evaluate the clinical associations of nutmeg lung indicating lymphangiectasia on fetal lung MRI and its relationship with early mortality in fetuses with primary and secondary lymphangiectasia. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe retrospectively identified all pregnant patients with a fetal MRI performed for indication of evaluating for pulmonary lymphangiectasia from 2006 to 2019. Two readers evaluated the fetal MRIs and interobserver agreement was calculated. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate the association of the echocardiographic findings and the presence of nutmeg lung. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate association with mortality in the first 30 days of life. Survival analysis was defined as mortality or orthotopic heart transplant at 30 days of age. P<0.05 was considered significant.
resultsOur sample included 53 fetuses. Forty-seven (89%) had congenital heart disease (CHD) and 6 (11%) were diagnosed postnatally with primary lymphangiectasia. Interobserver agreement was 0.83. Pulmonary vein congestion on echocardiography was the strongest predictor of nutmeg lung (odds ratio [OR]=12.0, P=0.002). Ten fetuses reached the outcome of heart transplantation (n=1) or death (n=9) within the first 30 days of life. In fetuses with CHD, survival of those with nutmeg lung was significantly lower than in those without (P<0.001). Nutmeg lung was an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 6.1, P=0.01).
conclusionNutmeg lung pattern on fetal MRI is an independent risk factor associated with 30-day mortality in fetuses with CHD.
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