ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2021
National Estimates of Prevalence, Time-Trend, and Correlates of Smoking in US People Living with HIV (NHANES 1999-2016).
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Influencing Tobacco Smoking and Cessation Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Mediation Effects of Biobehavioral Factors in a Trial of Pharmacotherapy and Intensive Cessation Counseling for People with HIV Who Smoke Cigarettes in Nairobi, Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- Health-related quality of life among people with HIV at low-to-moderate risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the REPRIEVE Trial.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Population reach, feasibility and acceptability of digital therapeutics for smoking cessation among people living with HIV: Results of the Quitting Matters pilot trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Trial
- Preloading With Nicotine Replacement Therapy in People With HIV Who Smoke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- A Proof-of-Concept Feasibility Trial Testing a Multi-Component App-Based Intervention for Improving Smoking Cessation and Adherence to Treatment in Low-Income HIV Patients.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- The effects of switching to the standardized research electronic cigarette in people with HIV who smoke in the United States.Preventive medicine · 2025Trial
- Prize-Based Incentives for Smoking Cessation Among People With HIV: A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Perspectives on Clinical Pharmacist-Delivered Contingency Management to Promote Smoking Abstinence Among Individuals with HIV: A Qualitative Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Implementing Sustainable Mobile Health Technology to Optimize a Smoking Cessation Program for Lao People With HIV (Project I-STOP): Protocol for a Hybrid Type-2 Pragmatic Effectiveness-Implementation Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Development of a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction risk prediction score in primary care settings with a high HIV prevalence.Open heart · 2026Observational
- Sex- and age- specific lung cancer incidence and mortality among Medicaid beneficiaries with and without HIV, 2001-2015.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Dental disease among adults with and without HIV in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS).BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Rate of nicotine metabolism on risk of myocardial infarction among people with HIV who smoke cigarettes.PloS one · 2026Article
- Oral health-related quality of life among reproductive-aged women with HIV in the southern United States.Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) · 2026Article
- Technology Access, Pattern of Use, Interest in Digital Health, and Barriers to Tobacco Treatment Among HIV-Infected Smokers From Under-Resourced Communities: A Cross-Sectional Study.Tobacco use insights · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with use of depression treatment among people with HIV in the United States: An electronic health records-based cohort study.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- The role of alternative reinforcers in smoking outcomes among people with and without HIV.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Observational
- Multilevel drivers of tobacco use among people living with HIV in West Nile and Karamoja Regions in Uganda: a mixed-methods study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Physical Activity, Cigarette Smoking, and Depression Among People with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveApproximately one in four deaths among people living with HIV (PLWH) in the United States can be attributed to cigarette smoking. Using a nationally representative sample of PLWH, this study examines the prevalence, time-trends, and correlates of current cigarette smoking among PLWH compared to people without HIV.
designSecondary analysis of population-based cross-sectional biobehavioral survey.
methodsData were pooled from the 1999-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). All adults (20-59 years) who self-reported their smoking status and were tested for HIV (HIV+ = 152; HIV- = 26 305) were included in the analysis. Prevalence with 95% confidence interval (95% CI), trend analysis by year and group (HIV+/HIV-), and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed with the complex survey design adjustments.
resultsOverall, 47.0% of PLWH were current smokers compared to 25.5% of those without HIV. From 1999 to 2016, the decline in smoking in PLWH was comparable to those without HIV (10.7% vs. 8.0%). PLWH smokers were more likely than PLWH nonsmokers to be substance users (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 17.52; 95% CI = 2.04 to 27.8). Compared to smokers without HIV, PLWH smokers were more likely to be older (1.10; 1.06 to 1.14), males (7.96; 2.50 to 25.40), non-Hispanic Black (10.45; 4.13 to 26.45), with depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 sum score ≥5) (3.79; 1.22 to 11.79), and less likely to be gay (0.02; 0.00 to 0.07).
conclusionCigarette smoking among PLWH is a major public health problem in the United States. Targeted and tailored smoking cessation interventions that incorporate assessment and treatment of depression and co-occurring substance use are critical for PLWH, especially among those who are disproportionately affected by smoking and HIV (sexual minority). IMPLICATIONS: This study offers important research implications in four areas:1. The decline in smoking among PLWH over 18 years has been modest, and half of PLWH are still smokers.2. More resources and efforts should be allocated to reduce cigarette smoking among PLWH.3. There is a critical need to develop and test culturally tailored smoking cessation interventions for minority subgroups who are most impacted by HIV infection and smoking (non-Hispanic Blacks and men who have sex with men)4. Smoking cessation interventions designed for PLWH should incorporate assessment and treatment of depression and substance use.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.