Trial reportAnesthesiology2021
Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (Neuromodulation) for Postoperative Pain: A Randomized, Sham-controlled Pilot Study.
Trial report in Anesthesiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05971095 (Percutaneous Femoral Nerve Neuromodulation for Postoperative Analgesia and Functional Recovery Following Knee Arthroplasty.), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Percutaneous Femoral Nerve Neuromodulation for Postoperative Analgesia and Functional Recovery Following Knee Arthroplasty.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral nerve stimulation for lower-limb postoperative recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.PsyCh journal · 2025Pooled it
- Prescription Patterns, Associated Factors, and Outcomes of Opioids for Operative Foot and Ankle Fractures: A Systematic Review.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2022Pooled it
- Comparison of percutaneous 60-day peripheral nerve stimulation of the lumbar medial branches to usual care with standard interventional management for chronic low back pain-a multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RESET).Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Trial
- Percutaneous auricular neuromodulation (nerve stimulation) for the treatment of pain following total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled pilot study.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Trial
- A pilot study of precision treatment for patients with lung cancer pain by Longteng Tongluo recipe using serum genomics.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2024Trial
- Percutaneous auricular neuromodulation (nerve stimulation) for the treatment of pain following cholecystectomy and hernia repair: a randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled pilot study.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2024Trial
- Noninvasive Bioelectronic Treatment of Postcesarean Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- The Evolving Role of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Postoperative Analgesia and Recovery.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Subcutaneous Neuromodulation Activates Central Pain-Suppression Pathways for Analgesia.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Perioperative Care in Oncologic Surgical Cases: A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Percutaneous analgesic device enabling both local anesthetic delivery and electrical stimulation (neuromodulation) of peripheral nerves: a pilot feasibility study (case series).Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2026Article
- Pain intensity and opioid consumption after temporary and permanent peripheral nerve stimulation: a 2-year multicenter analysis.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Article
- Multidimensional advances in neural interface technology for peripheral nerve repair: From material innovation to clinical translation.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Peripheral Neuromodulation and Opioid Sparing Strategies for Mitigating Perioperative Pain in the Stabilization and Hardware Removal of Complex Trimalleolar Fractures: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Patient-Reported Outcomes with Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Low Back Pain from Vertebral Plana Deformities: A Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Electrodiagnostic Assessment of Peri-Procedural Iatrogenic Peripheral Nerve Injuries and Rehabilitation.Muscle & nerve · 2025Review
- Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Nerve Stimulation in Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Case Report.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Chronic postsurgical pain and transitional pain services: a narrative review highlighting European perspectives.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Consensus Guidelines for the Use of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Neurological Diseases: A Neuron Project from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPercutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation is an analgesic technique involving the percutaneous implantation of a lead followed by the delivery of electric current using an external pulse generator. Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation has been used extensively for chronic pain, but only uncontrolled series have been published for acute postoperative pain. The current multicenter study was undertaken to (1) determine the feasibility and optimize the protocol for a subsequent clinical trial and (2) estimate the treatment effect of percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation on postoperative pain and opioid consumption.
methodsPreoperatively, an electrical lead was percutaneously implanted to target the sciatic nerve for major foot/ankle surgery (e.g., hallux valgus correction), the femoral nerve for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, or the brachial plexus for rotator cuff repair, followed by a single injection of long-acting local anesthetic along the same nerve/plexus. Postoperatively, participants were randomized to 14 days of either electrical stimulation (n = 32) or sham stimulation (n = 34) using an external pulse generator in a double-masked fashion. The dual primary treatment effect outcome measures were (1) cumulative opioid consumption (in oral morphine equivalents) and (2) mean values of the "average" daily pain scores measured on the 0 to 10 Numeric Rating Scale within the first 7 postoperative days.
resultsDuring the first 7 postoperative days, opioid consumption in participants given active stimulation was a median (interquartile range) of 5 mg (0 to 30) versus 48 mg (25 to 90) in patients given sham treatment (ratio of geometric means, 0.20 [97.5% CI, 0.07 to 0.57]; P < 0.001). During this same period, the average pain intensity in patients given active stimulation was a mean ± SD of 1.1 ± 1.1 versus 3.1 ± 1.7 in those given sham (difference, -1.8 [97.5% CI, -2.6 to -0.9]; P < 0.001).
conclusionsPercutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation reduced pain scores and opioid requirements free of systemic side effects during at least the initial week after ambulatory orthopedic surgery. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE:
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.