ArticleThe western journal of emergency medicine2021
Nobody Wants to Be Narcan'd: A Pilot Qualitative Analysis of Drug Users' Perspectives on Naloxone.
Article in The western journal of emergency medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- "I'm not going to lay back and watch somebody die": a qualitative study of how people who use drugs' naloxone experiences are shaped by rural risk environment and overdose education/naloxone distribution intervention.Harm reduction journal · 2023Trial
- "We're All in This Together": A Mixed-Methods Study of Provider and Patient Perceptions of Emergency Care for Opioid Use Disorder.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Observational
- A scoping review of emergency department take-home naloxone on patient and health outcomes.CJEM · 2026Article
- Fentanyl use among people who inject drugs in two large Pacific Northwest metropolitan areas.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- If It Were Enabling, Where's the Evidence? Applying Moral Hazard and Risk Compensation Theories to Community Naloxone Distribution and Other "Safety Net" Public Health Interventions.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- People entering opioid substance use treatment have low rates of naloxone knowledge and possession.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Predictors of non-transport by emergency medical services after a nonfatal opioid overdose: a national analysis.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Article
- Finding new ways to treat overdoses.eLife · 2025Article
- Nalbuphine Potentiates Reversal of Fentanyl Overdose by Naloxone.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Patients' perspectives on buprenorphine subcutaneous implant: a case series.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- "Naloxone? Not for me!" First cross-assessment by patients and healthcare professionals of the risk of opioid overdose.Harm reduction journal · 2024Observational
- The Opioid Overdose Resuscitation Education for Addiction Counselors and Trainees (Opioid Overdose REACT) naloxone response education pilot project improved confidence and knowledge among addiction counselors and trainees.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
- Amphetamines modulate fentanyl-depressed respiration in a bidirectional manner.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- High-risk Individuals and Naloxone Use: Implications for THN Programs in Rural Appalachian Communities.Journal of Appalachian health · 2023Article
- The experience of buprenorphine implant in patients with opioid use disorder: a series of narrative interviews.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Digital Biomarker Applications Across the Spectrum of Opioid Use Disorder.Cogent mental health · 2023Article
- A qualitative examination of naloxone access in three states: Connecticut, Kentucky, and Wisconsin.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Naloxone administration among opioid-involved overdose deaths in 38 United States jurisdictions in the State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System, 2019.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Perspectives of Stakeholders of Equitable Access to Community Naloxone Programs: A Literature Review.Cureus · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionBystander naloxone distribution is an important component of public health initiatives to decrease opioid-related deaths. While there is evidence supporting naloxone distribution programs, the effects of increasing naloxone availability on the behavior of people who use drugs have not been adequately delineated. In this study we sought to 1) evaluate whether individuals' drug use patterns have changed due to naloxone availability; and 2) explore individuals' knowledge of, access to, experiences with, and perceptions of naloxone.
methodsWe conducted a pilot study of adults presenting to the emergency department whose medical history included non-medical opioid use. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants and thematic analysis was used to code and analyze interview transcripts.
resultsTen participants completed the study. All were aware of naloxone by brand name (Narcan) and had been trained in its use, and all but one had either currently or previously possessed a kit. Barriers to naloxone administration included fear of legal repercussions, not having it available, and a desire to avoid interrupting another user's "high." Of the eight participants who reported being revived with naloxone at least once during their lifetime, all described experiencing a noxious physical response and expressed a desire to avoid receiving it again. Furthermore, participants did not report increasing their use of opioids when naloxone was available.
conclusionsParticipants were accepting of and knowledgeable about naloxone, and were willing to administer naloxone to save a life. Participants tended to use opioids more cautiously when naloxone was present due to fears of experiencing precipitated withdrawal. This study provides preliminary evidence countering the unsubstantiated narrative that increased naloxone availability begets more high-risk opioid use and further supports increasing naloxone access.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.