ReviewJournal of Cancer2021
A snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
Review in Journal of Cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 184 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
184 citing papers in PubMed, 262 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intratumoral delivery of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors for recurrent/refractory solid tumors: a proof-of-concept treatment strategy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- A phase Ib/II study of BLU-554, a fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 inhibitor in combination with CS1001, an anti-PD-L1, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.Investigational new drugs · 2023Trial
- Marbofloxacin Suppresses Breast Cancer Growth Through Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Reprogramming with Predicted HSP90AA1-EGFR Network Modulation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- PD-L1 Expression and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling During Laryngeal Carcinogenesis: Implications for Malignant Progression of Laryngeal Dysplasia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Regulation of antiviral immunity by PD-1 during respiratory syncitial virus infection and upon vaccination.iScience · 2026Article
- Moxibustion combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies improves immunosuppression in septic mice potentially through the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Combining Transarterial Chemoembolisation With Reduced Deubiquitinase Activity Reduces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology in triple-negative breast cancer: a review of nanocarrier systems for enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.Nanoscale advances · 2026Review
- Features of tumor microenvironment in HER2-positive urothelial carcinoma and its implications for immunotherapy resistance.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety evaluation of gilvetmab in dogs with melanoma and mast cell tumor.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of immune microenvironment on immune checkpoint inhibitor response in HER2-overexpressing urothelial carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Nanomedicine in immunotherapy of urinary system tumors: advances, synergistic strategies, and translational challenges.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in the Pathogenesis of Ovarian Cancer: New Insight and Future Perspectives.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- A differential single-cell transcriptome atlas of left-sided and right-sided colorectal cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- The shifting paradigm of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: from pathology to clinical practice.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Serum programmed death ligand 2 is elevated in cats with mammary carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Myeloid PD-1 Regulates Astrocyte Development and Leads to Active Behaviours.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- T Cell Exhaustion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Substantial Barrier in Immunotherapy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The cure hit a nerve: a case of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced mononeuritis multiplex.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Review
124 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer cells can evade the attack from host immune systems via hijacking the regulatory circuits mediated by immune checkpoints. Therefore, reactivating the antitumor immunity by blockade of immune checkpoints is considered as a promising strategy to treat cancer. Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are critical immune checkpoint proteins that responsible for negative regulation of the stability and the integrity of T-cell immune function. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs have been developed for immune checkpoint blockade and can induce clinical responses across different types of cancers, which provides a new hope to cure cancer. However, the patients' response rates to current anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapies are still low and many initial responders finally develop resistance to these therapies. In this review, we provides a snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 molecular structure, mechanisms controlling their expression, signaling modulated by PD-1/PD-L1, current anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, and the future perspectives to overcome the resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.