ArticleTherapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease2021
Early anti IL-1 treatment replaces steroids in refractory Kawasaki disease: clinical experience from two case reports.
Article in Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06697431 (A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Non Inferiority KawasakI Trial With Anakinra), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Non Inferiority KawasakI Trial With Anakinra
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Anakinra for intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease: a systematic literature review.RMD open · 2026Pooled it
- Anakinra use in pediatric kawasaki disease: inflammation control, coronary artery outcomes, and safety.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2026Pooled it
- Advancing multidisciplinary management of pediatric hyperinflammatory disorders.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- An Update on Kawasaki Disease.Current rheumatology reports · 2024Review
- Anti-inflammatory Treatment of Kawasaki Disease: Comparison of Current Guidelines and Perspectives.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Refractory Kawasaki disease (KD) is related to a major risk of coronary arteries abnormalities and its treatment is not standardized. In this regard, anakinra (ANA), an interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, represents an emerging therapeutic option. We report two cases of children, diagnosed with KD, nonresponsive to two doses of intravenous immunoglobulins, successfully treated with ANA, without a prior use of steroids. Patient 2 developed a coronary dilatation, that improved significantly after ANA therapy. Our experience highlights IL-1 blockade effectiveness in reducing KD inflammation and suggests ANA adoption as second-line therapy, with a timesaving and steroid-sparing strategy. Our results, combined with the evidence of the IL-1 key role in KD and coronary arteritis pathogenesis and to the recent clinical evidence reported by the KAWAKINRA trial, encourage an earlier recourse to ANA in patients with refractory KD, in order to fight inflammation, and to treat and prevent the development of coronary artery aneurysms. Further studies are needed to better define the place of IL-1 blockade in KD step-up treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.