ReviewInternational journal of nephrology and renovascular disease2021
Association Between APOL1 Genotype and Kidney Diseases and Annual Kidney Function Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prospective Studies.
Review in International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apolipoprotein L1 risk genotypes and odds of lupus nephritis-associated kidney failure in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Kidney Transplant Function in Recipients from Deceased Donors with COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Apolipoprotein L1 genetic testing, family history of hypertension, and kidney disease in a Midwestern U.S. cohort.Frontiers in nephrology · 2026Article
- LILRB3 genetic variation is associated with kidney transplant failure in African American recipients.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- APOL1 Kidney Risk Variants and Long-Term Kidney Function in Healthy Middle-Aged Black Individuals: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.Kidney medicine · 2024Article
- The metabolic effects of APOL1 in humans.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2023Review
- Living kidney donation in a developing country.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTwo coding risk variants in the Apo L1 gene (
objectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies assessing the association of APOL1 genotypes and the risk of developing CKD, ESRD, and CKD to ESRD in adults.
methodsSystematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar was performed for prospective studies assessing the associations between APOL1 genotypes and CKD, ESRD, and progression from CKD to ESRD. Secondary analyses were to evaluate the annual kidney function change by APOL1 gene status. Random effects models were used to estimate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and weighted mean differences for outcomes of interest.
resultsThe search yield 10 prospective during a follow-up period ranging from 4.4 to 25 years. The high-risk APOL1 genotype was associated with the incidence of CKD (RR:1.41[95% CI: 1.14-1.75]), the progression from CKD to ESRD (RR: 1.70[95% CI:1.44; 2.01]) compared with the low-risk APOL1 genotype. There was no appreciable association between high-risk APOL1 genotype with the incidence of ESRD. Furthermore, high-risk APOL1 genotype was associated with a marginal decrement in the annual eGFR decline (-0.55[95% CI: -0.94 to -0.16]) mL/min/1.73m
conclusionIn summary, African Americans carrying APOL1 high-risk genotypes are at increased risk of developing CKD and ESRD. Given that the APOL1 risk alleles are common among individuals with African ancestry, with ~18% of African Americans carrying high-risk alleles, these findings highlight the potential identification of subgroups of patients who may benefit from APOL1 screening and developing culturally-appropriate interventions.
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Registered trials
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