ArticleScientific reports2021
The role of salivary vesicles as a potential inflammatory biomarker to detect traumatic brain injury in mixed martial artists.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salivary Biomarkers as Indicators of TBI Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Systematic Review.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Salivary Extracellular Vesicles: Paradigm Shift in Liquid Biopsy Diagnostics.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Diagnostic Metrics for Cardiovascular Disease: Where We are and How to Achieve in Clinics.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2025Review
- Bridging laboratory innovation to translational research and commercialization of extracellular vesicle isolation and detection.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2025Review
- New frontiers in salivary extracellular vesicles: transforming diagnostics, monitoring, and therapeutics in oral and systemic diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- The Use of Biofluid Markers to Evaluate the Consequences of Sport-Related Subconcussive Head Impact Exposure: A Scoping Review.Sports medicine - open · 2024Article
- Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Saliva: Effects of Age and Isolation Techniques.Cells · 2024Article
- Unraveling the Emerging Niche Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Review on the Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Concussion Syndrome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Defining Biological Phenotypes of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Using Saliva MicroRNA Profiles.Journal of neurotrauma · 2022Article
- Cell-Derived Exosomes as Therapeutic Strategies and Exosome-Derived microRNAs as Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Tool for Personalized Cancer Therapy.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Exploratory Systematic Review of Mixed Martial Arts: An Overview of Performance of Importance Factors with over 20,000 Athletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Elevations in Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin 6 From Neuronal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Repeated Low-Level Blast Exposed Personnel.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is of significant concern in the realm of high impact contact sports, including mixed martial arts (MMA). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) travel between the brain and oral cavity and may be isolated from salivary samples as a noninvasive biomarker of TBI. Salivary EVs may highlight acute neurocognitive or neuropathological changes, which may be particularly useful as a biomarker in high impact sports. Pre and post-fight samples of saliva were isolated from 8 MMA fighters and 7 from controls. Real-time PCR of salivary EVs was done using the TaqMan Human Inflammatory array. Gene expression profiles were compared pre-fight to post-fight as well as pre-fight to controls. Largest signals were noted for fighters sustaining a loss by technical knockout (higher impact mechanism of injury) or a full match culminating in referee decision (longer length of fight), while smaller signals were noted for fighters winning by joint or choke submission (lower impact mechanism as well as less time). A correlation was observed between absolute gene information signals and fight related markers of head injury severity. Gene expression was also significantly different in MMA fighters pre-fight compared to controls. Our findings suggest that salivary EVs as a potential biomarker in the acute period following head injury to identify injury severity and can help elucidate pathophysiological processes involved in TBI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.