ArticleJournal of virology2021
Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Replication Induces ACE2 Expression and Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Pseudotyped Virus Entry in Epithelial Cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple Sclerosis and Viruses: « Liaisons Dangereuses ».Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Trends and outcomes ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Review
- Epstein Barr viral shedding dynamics in saliva during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- A perfect storm: the immunological and pathophysiological landscape of pediatric post-COVID-19 condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Does Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Represent a Poly-Herpesvirus Post-Virus Infectious Disease?Viruses · 2025Review
- Investigation of Epstein-Barr virus coinfection and changes in the gene expression of angiotensin converting enzyme II in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- What could cause the reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus in individuals with long COVID.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Seasonal Coronavirus-Induced Immunological Imprinting and Previous Herpesvirus Infections in Patients With Long COVID.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Review
- [Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation during the normalization stage of COVID-19 management].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2024Article
- Decoding Critical Targets and Signaling Pathways in EBV-Mediated Diseases Using Large Language Models.Viruses · 2024Article
- Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection with reinfection of SARS-CoV-2: a case report.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Mitochondria in COVID-19: from cellular and molecular perspective.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Effect of monovalent COVID-19 vaccines on viral interference between SARS-CoV-2 and several DNA viruses in patients with long-COVID syndrome.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Inflammation and Epstein-Barr Virus at the Crossroads of Multiple Sclerosis and Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Infection.Viruses · 2023Review
- Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection, EBV, HHV-6 and Other Factors May Contribute to Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Long COVID.Viruses · 2023Review
- Long COVID: Complications, Underlying Mechanisms, and Treatment Strategies.Archives of microbiology & immunology · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and lytic reactivation of herpesviruses: A potential threat in the postpandemic era?Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding factors that affect the infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is central to combatting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus surface spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates viral entry into cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor on epithelial cells and promoting fusion. We found that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induces ACE2 expression when it enters the lytic replicative cycle in epithelial cells. By using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, we showed that lytic EBV replication enhances ACE2-dependent SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry. We found that the ACE2 promoter contains response elements for Zta, an EBV transcriptional activator that is essential for EBV entry into the lytic cycle of replication. Zta preferentially acts on methylated promoters, allowing it to reactivate epigenetically silenced EBV promoters from latency. By using promoter assays, we showed that Zta directly activates methylated ACE2 promoters. Infection of normal oral keratinocytes with EBV leads to lytic replication in some of the infected cells, induces ACE2 expression, and enhances SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry. These data suggest that subclinical EBV replication and lytic gene expression in epithelial cells, which is ubiquitous in the human population, may enhance the efficiency and extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection of epithelial cells by transcriptionally activating ACE2 and increasing its cell surface expression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.