ArticlePloS one2021
Global economic impacts of COVID-19 lockdown measures stand out in high-frequency shipping data.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the psychological impact on children and adolescents during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic-a systematic review.BMC psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Optimal pandemic control strategies and cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions in the United States.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- Understanding macroeconomic indicators affected by COVID-19 containment policies in the United States: a scoping review.Health affairs scholar · 2025Review
- Assessing the role of children in the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium using perturbation analysis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Assessing the utility of the COVID-19 epidemic Situations of Concern classification system in guiding operational responses to the pandemic in the WHO African region: retrospective analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- A Narrative Review on the Pandemic Zoonotic RNA Virus Infections Occurred During the Last 25 Years.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Review
- External financial and monetary policy shocks: Do they matter for Korean macroeconomy?Heliyon · 2024Article
- One size doesn't fit all: methodological reflections in conducting community-based behavioural science research to tailor COVID-19 vaccination initiatives for public health priority populations.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Analyzing evolutionary game theory in epidemic management: A study on social distancing and mask-wearing strategies.PloS one · 2024Article
- Vaccine effectiveness of COVID-19 and rebound in the real world.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Lockdown spillovers.Journal of international money and finance · 2023Article
- Resilience, endogenous policy responses to COVID-19, and their impacts on farm performance.World development · 2023Article
- Interferon β-1a ring prophylaxis to reduce household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a cluster randomised clinical trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global GDP growth.Journal of the Japanese and international economies · 2023Article
- Impact of COVID-19 epidemic on port operations: Evidence from Asian ports.Case studies on transport policy · 2023Article
- The Omicron Lineages BA.1 and BA.2 (Viruses · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Patterns in Araraquara, Brazil: A Multimodal Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Article
- The aftermath of Covid-19: The rise of pandemic animosity among consumers and its scale development.Journal of business research · 2023Article
- The Impact of Multicultural Interfacility Video Case Conference: A Novel Education Model After the COVID Pandemic.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The implementation of large-scale containment measures by governments to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus has resulted in large impacts to the global economy. Here, we derive a new high-frequency indicator of economic activity using empirical vessel tracking data, and use it to estimate the global maritime trade losses during the first eight months of the pandemic. We go on to use this high-frequency dataset to infer the effect of individual non-pharmaceutical interventions on maritime exports, which we use as a proxy of economic activity. Our results show widespread port-level trade losses, with the largest absolute losses found for ports in China, the Middle-East and Western Europe, associated with the collapse of specific supply-chains (e.g. oil, vehicle manufacturing). In total, we estimate that global maritime trade reduced by -7.0% to -9.6% during the first eight months of 2020, which is equal to around 206-286 million tonnes in volume losses and up to 225-412 billion USD in value losses. We find large sectoral and geographical disparities in impacts. Manufacturing sectors are hit hardest, with losses up to 11.8%, whilst some small islands developing states and low-income economies suffered the largest relative trade losses. Moreover, we find a clear negative impact of COVID-19 related school and public transport closures on country-wide exports. Overall, we show how real-time indicators of economic activity can inform policy-makers about the impacts of individual policies on the economy, and can support economic recovery efforts by allocating funds to the hardest hit economies and sectors.
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